Since the mid 1900s, esophagoscopy has been performed under sedation or general anesthesia. With transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE), there has been a return to awake, in-office esophagoscopy. Technologic advances have allowed the advent of a ultrathin, flexible esophagoscope that is introduced transnasally, allowing esophagoscopy to be performed in unsedated patients. TNE correlates with convention...

Technical improvements have allowed to significantly reduce the diameter of endoscopes used to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hence, transnasal introduction of endoscopes used to perform a standard esogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has become possible. Transnasal EGD (T-EGD) is better tolerated by patients than conventional EGD (C-EGD), and it presents the advantage of requiring no sedatio...

Objective. We report the first utilisation of transnasal marsupialization to treat a keratocystic odontogenic tumor in the maxillary sinus of a 37-year-old man. Case Report. A 37-year-old man presented with a nasal discharge and right odontalgia. Computed tomography revealed an expanding cystic lesion with a calcificated wall containing an impacted tooth in the right maxillary sinus. The diagno...

RATIONALE Microbial infection should be regarded in the differential diagnosis of neurosurgical complications after transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary microsurgery, albeit cryptococcal meningitis is rare. This article will discuss the risk factors of cryptococcal meningitis in patients underwent transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary microsurgery, and summary the potential origins of infection....

A Health Technology Assessment (HTA) was conducted in 2011 to evaluate whether transnasal oesophagoscopy (TNE) should be made available at otorhinolaryngology (ORL) clinics in the Ministry of Health facilities. The safety, efficacy or effectiveness and economic implication of using transnasal oesophagoscopy (TNE) were reviewed. This review provides a summary of the HTA and an updated literature...

BACKGROUND This study evaluates the efficacy of unsedated transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in the diagnosis of hypopharyngeal cancer and screening of esophageal lesions. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with newly diagnosed hypopharyngeal cancer were evaluated by transnasal EGD without conscious sedation. RESULTS Twenty-two hypopharyngeal cancers arose from the pyriform sinus, and t...