Background: Oleuropein, the main constituent of olive fruit and leaves, has been reported to protect against insulin resistance and diabetes. While many experimental investigations have examined the mechanisms by which oleuropein improves insulin resistance and diabetes, much of these investigations have been carried out in either muscle cell lines or in vivo models two scenarios with many draw...

About fifty years ago, the Turing instability demonstrated that even simple reactiondiffusion systems might lead to spatial order and differentiation, while the Rayleigh-Bénard instability showed that the maintenance of nonequilibrium might be the source of order in fluids subjected to a thermodynamic force above a critical value. Therefore, distance from global equilibrium in the form of magni...

The influence functional method of Feynman and Vernon is used to obtain a quantum master equation for a system subjected to a Lévy stable random force. The corresponding classical transport equations for the Wigner function are then derived, both in the limits of weak and strong friction. These are fractional extensions of the Klein-Kramers and the Smoluchowski equations. It is shown that the f...

Please cite this article in press as: Ferrari, R j.ocemod.2011.02.013 The ocean contributes to regulating the Earth’s climate through its ability to transport heat from the equator to the poles. In this study we use long simulations of an ocean model to investigate whether the heat transport is carried primarily by wind-driven gyres or whether it is dominated by deep circulations associated wit...

Epithelial cells of the gut, antennal glands, integument, and gills of crustaceans regulate the movements of ions into and across these structures and thereby influence the concentrations of ions in the hemolymph. Specific transport proteins serving cations and anions are found on apical and basolateral cell membranes of epithelia in these tissues. In recent years, a considerable research effor...

We explore a connection of the forced Burgers equation with the Schrödinger (diffusive) interpolating dynamics in the presence of deterministic external forces. This entails an exploration of the consistency conditions that allow to interpret dispersion of passive contaminants in the Burgers flow as a Markovian diffusion process. In general, the usage of a continuity equation ∂ t ρ = −∇(vρ), wh...

Physical observables are often represented as walkers performing random displacements. When the number of collisions before leaving the explored domain is small, the diffusion approximation leads to incongruous results. In this Letter, we explicitly derive an explicit formula for the moments of the number of particle collisions in an arbitrary volume, for a broad class of transport processes. T...

This paper proposes a methodology for the computation of optimal locations of point control actuators for nonlinear feedback controllers in transport-reaction processes described by a broad class of quasi-linear parabolic partial differential equations (PDE). Initially, Galerkin’s method is employed to derive finite-dimensional approximations of the PDE system which are used for the synthesis o...

Metabolite transport proteins occupy key positions in the metabolic networks of highly compartmentalized eukaryotic cells. In such cells, at least one and frequently more than one membrane delineate organelles from the cytosol. Thereby compartments with different reactions milieus are created that are characterized by low pH or high-energy status, or by highly reductive or oxidative conditions,...

Flow and thermal transport processes have a vital function in the functioning and operation of many biological and bio-medical systems. In such systems, diagnostic procedures or experiments are often difficult to perform, and reliable numerical simulations can provide great value in our understanding of the functioning of the biological system and in designing suitable diagnostic and treatment ...