We study competition in a supply chain where multiple manufacturers compete in quantities to supply a set of products to multiple risk-averse retailers who compete in quantities to satisfy the uncertain consumer demand. For the symmetric supply chain, we give closed-form expressions for the unique equilibrium. We find that, provided there is a sufficiently large number of manufacturers and reta...

Aimed at the possibility of stock-out of the traditional retail channel under stochastic demand in a dual-channel supply chain, we propose a cooperative inventory strategy, in which the excess demand of the traditional retail channel is complemented by the excess inventory of the manufacturer’s direct channel through transshipment. We establish a newsboy model to analyse each supply chain membe...

Trust potentially affects the decision-makers’ behaviors and has a great influence on supply chain performances. We study the information sharing process considering trust in a two-tier supply chain with one upstream agent and two retailers, where the agent recommends ordered quantities (ROQ) to retailers and the retailer decides her/his ordered quantities according to the agent’s recommendatio...

BACKGROUND Tobacco retailers are key players in the ongoing tobacco epidemic. Tobacco outlet density is linked to a greater likelihood of youth and adult smoking and greater difficulty quitting. While public policy efforts to address the tobacco problem at the retail level have been limited, some retailers have voluntarily ended tobacco sales. A previous pilot study examined this phenomenon in ...

Recent changes in food retailing structure have led to the development of large supercenters in suburban areas of the United States. These changes have led some authors to suggest that there are food deserts in some urban areas, where food is difficult to access, especially for disadvantaged consumers. This study tests the food desert hypothesis by comparing the distance from food retailers to ...

We want to find a location of capacitated transshipment facilities which minimizes the expected total cost when the generalized transportation costs are random variables. Each generalized transportation cost is given by the sum of a deterministic transportation cost and a random transshipment facility throughput cost, whose probability distribution is unknown. A two-stage stochastic program wit...

Optimization models related with routing, bandwidth utilization and power consumption are developed in the wireless mesh computing environment using the operations research techniques such as maximal flow model, transshipment model and minimax optimizing algorithm. The Path creation algorithm is used to find the multiple paths from source to destination.A multi-stage optimization model is devel...

In recent years, many important real-world applications are studied as ‘‘rich’’ vehicle routing problems that are variants and generalizations of the well-known vehicle routing problem. In this paper we address the pickup-and-delivery version of this problem and consider further generalization by allowing transshipment in the network. Moreover, we allow heterogenous vehicles and flexible fleet ...