Diagnosis of the disease by dentists and other clinicians through the evaluation of oral clinical findings is a rare incident. Mucocutaneous and granulomatous lesions of the oral cavity alert the clinician to investigate the gastrointestinal tract. This review highlights oral manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders, how various diseases and their presentations are integrated and intertwine...

In humans, Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is a zoonotic infection usually involving immunocompromised subjects, only rarely affecting immunocompetent subjects. Herein, we describe an R. in 50-year-old Russian man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented pulmonary cavitary lesions and clinical manifestation of colonic malakoplakia. A colonoscopy examination showed ulceration muc...

BACKGROUND & AIMS The study and management of reflux esophagitis require an endoscopic classification system founded on esophageal lesions that can be reproducibly identified. The aim of this study was to investigate interobserver agreement for the identification of endoscopic lesions typical of reflux esophagitis. METHODS Paired comparisons of observers' descriptions were obtained. Seventeen...

A 69-year-old woman with a history of colon carcinoma, cirrhosis of the liver secondary to hepatitis C, and erosive oral lichen planus presented to the dermatology clinic for therapeutic options regarding a growing ulceration on her lower lip. In the past year, the ulceration had enlarged and she had begun to develop new, painful, shallow ulcerations in the oral mucosa. In addition, she complai...

We have developed a simple and reproducible rat model of chronic colonic inflammation by the intraluminal instillation of a solution containing a “barrier breaker” and a hapten. Administration of the hapten 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (5-30 mg) in 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol as the “barrier breaker” produced dose-dependent colonic ulceration and inflammation. At a dose of 30 mg, trinitrobenze...

The term Riga-Fede disease has been used historically to describe a traumatic ulceration that occurs on the ventral surface of the tongue in neonates and infants. It is frequently associated with natal or neonatal teeth but may also occur in older infants after the eruption of primary lower incisors. Failure to diagnose and properly treat this lesion can result in dehydration and inadequate nut...

Stress in mammals triggers a neuroendocrine response mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system. Increased activity of these two systems induces behavioural, cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic cascades that enable the individual to fight or flee and cope with the stress. Our understanding of stress and stress-response mechanisms is generally robust...

Riga Fede disease is a reactive mucosal disease as a result of repetitive trauma of the tongue by the anterior primary teeth during forward and backward movement. Although the aspect of the lesion might be impressive, its nature is relatively benign. The history and clinical features are most often so typical that there is seldom a need for addititonal histopathological examination. Riga Fede d...

A 48-year-old fisherman from Amazonas (north of Brazil) developed a small papule on the anterior left leg after a traumatic injury with a piece of wood 20 years ago. Over the course of years, multiple large, confluent, reddish to brownish nodules with eventual ulceration came into being on the left leg and extended to the left thigh. There was a solitary, domed-shaped nodule on the right arm (F...