We examine the effects of forest fragmentation on the structure and composition of tree assemblages within three seasonal and aseasonal forest types of southern Brazil, including evergreen, Araucaria, and deciduous forests. We sampled three southernmost Atlantic Forest landscapes, including the largest continuous forest protected areas within each forest type. Tree assemblages in each forest ty...

A large proportion of Norway’s land area is occupied by the forest-tundra ecotone. The vegetation of this temperature-sensitive ecosystem between mountain forest and the alpine zone is expected to be highly affected by climate change and effective monitoring techniques are required. For the detection of such small pioneer trees, airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been proposed as a useful tool e...

mastic (chatlanqosh or turpentine) is a valuable tree species in most parts of the country, particularly around the southern slopes of the alborz and zagros mountain range distributed. wild mastic tree is mainly due to the adaptability and hard rocky ground tree and needless to excessive irrigation, it doesn't usually crop. it is the mountain range of the plant, giving it less water. the soil a...

in forest harvesting, there is an ongoing trend to increase constantly the size, power and load of logging machines. this may cause soil degradation in forest ecosystems as the passes of these machines modify important soil structural characteristics. the present study was conducted to examine impact of skidding traffic, trail slope, traffic frequency, and soil depth on bulk density and soil co...

Understanding the dynamics of forest structure aids inference regarding future forests and their distributions around the world. Over the last few decades, several papers have addressed changing forest structure in the Sierra Nevada, CA, USA, but these studies were limited in scope. We carried out a broad comparison of forest density and composition in the 1930s versus the 2000s for the west sl...

Mastic (Chatlanqosh or turpentine) is a valuable tree species in most parts of the country, particularly around the southern slopes of the Alborz and Zagros mountain range distributed. Wild Mastic tree is mainly due to the adaptability and hard rocky ground tree and needless to excessive irrigation, it doesn't usually crop. It is the mountain range of the plant, giving it less water. The soil a...

Aucuparia is an important slow growth forest tree with medicinal, industrial and ornamental uses which is applied for reforestation in high altitude of mountain lands. This species has been endangered at northern forests of Iran; therefore micropropagation of adult trees by bud culture may help to reforestation. The best sterilizing treatment was the buds washing with HgCl2% 0.1 solution for 7 ...

Within the Central Rocky Mountains, spruce beetle populations have the potential to rapidly transition from endemic to epidemic levels in the spruce-fir (Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir) forest type. Conventional management has focused on creating resistance to spruce beetle outbreaks by manipulating the overstory density and composition. Three silvicultural treatments, single tree selection...

Temperate and boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere have recently been identified as important carbon sinks. Accurate calculation of forest carbon budget and appraisal of the temporal variations of forest net carbon fluxes are important topics to elucidate the ‘‘missing sink’’ question and to follow up the changing carbon dynamics in forests. In this article, recent carbon budgets of the fo...