IIn June 2021, parasitism by leeches of the genus Helobdella was observed for first time in Hyla eximia during an irrigation canal monitoring. This event occurred shortly after canals were opened to supply agroecosystem The Cerrillo, Piedras Blancas, Toluca de Lerdo, State Mexico, Mexico. frog trapped one beds, which had abundant presence duckweed (Lemna minor). We analyzed load and distributio...

The Príncipe giant tree frog Leptopelis palmatus is endemic to the small oceanic island of in Gulf Guinea. For several decades, this charismatic but poorly known species was confused with another large from continental Africa, L. rufus. Phylogenetic relationships within African genus are understood and consequently evolutionary history its affinity rufus remain unclear. In study, we combined mi...

Abstract Environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an increasingly used tool for monitoring cryptic species within terrestrial and aquatic systems. We present the first method extracting water from tree holes eDNA studies of tree-dwelling frogs, use amphibian in Madagascar. This pilot study expands on a previously developed aims to provide simple field protocol extraction very small samples, using r...

root class Player extends Objectf bool brave; abstract bool wake() { } ; abstract Weapon kissed() {Player } ; g state class Frog extends Playerf Vocal pouch;bool wake() { } ; abstract Weapon kissed() {Player } ; g state class Frog extends Playerf Vocal pouch; bool wake() { } fpouch.blow() ; braveg Weapon kissed() {Player } fthis⇓Prince; sword:= new Weapong g state class Prince extends Playerf W...

We extend by 300 m the known upper elevational range of Marsupial frog, Gastrotheca marsupiata (Dumeril & Bibron, 1841), to 4,660 a.s.l. This record makes G. highest occurring frog in its genus, which is already characterized high-elevation distributions. suggest that this may represent a case climate-induced shifting and discuss context our still limited understanding how amphibian dis...

Tree-fall gaps are small-scale disturbances whose formation, colonization, and role in forest dynamics are well documented, but whose effects on animal ecology are still greatly overlooked, except for studies comparing species richness of gaps 6+ months old to that in the closed canopy. Other factors associated with the invasion of fresh tree-fall gaps such as animal breeding adaptations have b...

To improve the unreasonable distribution of sensors' random deployment and increase network coverage rate, an optimization method of wireless sensor networks coverage based on improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm (ISFLA) was proposed in this paper.During the process of updating the frog, a novel learning strategy is introduced, in which the poor frog learns not only from the best frog of it...

The importance of species richness for repelling exotic plant invasions varies from ecosystem to ecosystem. Thus, in order to prioritize conservation objectives, it is critical to identify those ecosystems where decreasing richness will most greatly magnify invasion risks. Our goal was to determine if invasion risks greatly increase in response to common reductions in grassland species richness...

introduction: effects of melatonin (mt) were comparatively examined on melanophores of isolated skin in adults and tadpole’s tailfin of a frog rana cyanophlyctis. mt is generally considered as a potent melanophores aggregating hormone besides regulating the sleep wake cycle in vertebrates. methods: melanophore size index (msi) was chosen as a recording parameter of the responses. concentration-...