Immunoreactivities for FMRFamide and substance P (SP) in the carotid labyrinth of the bullfrog were detected using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, and the results compared with corresponding differential interference-contrast (Nomarski) images. Colocalization of both peptides was determined by the indirect double immunofluorescence method. Immunoreactivities for FMRFamide and SP were foun...

Self-sustained instabilities and pseudo-periodic motion may be observed in hydraulic structures and industrial flows. Documented examples include the hydraulic jump, sloshing motion in a reservoir and surging waves in pooled stepped spillways. The instabilities may generate some very large turbulence levels and integral turbulent scales, combining the contributions of both slow fluctuations and...

An experimental study was conducted on a large size stepped spillway model with a moderate slope (26.6o) for a range of discharges between 0.020 and 0.237 m/s. In some experiments, the stepped chute was equipped with uniform steps of 5 and 10 cm heights respectively. In addition several non-uniform configurations with combinations of 5 and 10 cm high steps were investigated. For each configurat...

Abstract: Control of reservoir sedimentation in order to ensure their sustainable use has drawn attention among water engineers and water resource managers. Several methods have been proposed, but most of the developed methodologies are incapable of modelling bed evolutions, while at the same time, compute sediment flushing efficiency. In this study a two-dimensional bed evolution model is prop...

High nitrogen (N) loading to coastal aquatic systems can be expressed as increased algal production and subsequent low dissolved oxygen. In April, 2008, predictions for extreme flood stage for the Lower Mississippi River triggered the opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway, a major release valve for the river. The spillway diverted approximately 8 km3 of water over one month of operation into Lak...