in the poetics of aristotle, art and literature are imitations of reality and all literary elements have objective representation in the real world. following the theories of ferdinand de saussure and roman jakobson and formation of new literary approaches such as structuralism, there existed a modern poetics which didn’t consider literature as an imitation of reality but introduces it as recon...

the eight year war between iran and iraq is a sensitive and critical period in iran's foreign policy; particularly towards the european community. accordingly and in spite of the fact that the foundations of the new regime in iran have not been consolidated a full scale war ,was imposed on iran, overshadowing all policies and plans including iran's foreign policy. this paper tries to ...

Academic writing might incorporate evaluative strategies with the aim of construing and registering attitudinal positionings of writers towards other people, objects, and state of affairs included in the texts, and has been the area of investigation from different perspectives. One of these perspectives has been the way that determines attitudinal assessments in the rhetorical formation of text...

The understanding of random magnetic systems known as spin glass has been one of the major challenges in condensed matter physics over that past two decades. Study of this state can be thought of as a rst step towards understanding more complex and disordered systems.This paper reviews some of the theoretical developmets in this eld and tries to answer the question how well are these systems un...

We examine and clarify in detail the contributions of Yoshisuke Matsunaga (1694?-1744) to computation Bell numbers eighteenth century (in Edo period), providing modern perspectives some unknown materials that are by far earliest history numbers. Later clarification developments Yoriyuki Arima (1714-1783), several new results such as asymptotic distributions (notably corresponding local limit th...