Heritage language variation and change provides an opportunity to examine the interplay of contact-induced language-internal effects while extending variationist framework beyond monolingual speakers majority languages. Using data from Language Variation Change in Toronto Project, we illustrate this with a case study Tagalog (r), which varies between tap, trill, approximant variants. Nearly 300...

There is very little research in the field of Arabic language acquisition This study explores development trill /r/ Iraqi (IA). It attempts to answer four main questions: (1) What percentage total sample produced correctly? (2) Is this age customary, acquisition, or mastery for IA children? (3) Does production accuracy vary by position syllable and child sex? (4) How developed within group? Sam...

This study aims to determine how the song nocturne in e-flat major op 9 no 2 by Fredrich Chopin is technically expressed through classical guitar playing Francisco Tarrega. research descriptive analysis, which this case describes, outlines and describes technique of played for instruments. The object Frederich Chopin. instrument researcher himself assisted several equipment process data. type d...

Abstract Male bearded seals ( Erignathus barbatus ) use vocal displays to attract females and compete with other males during the mating season. This makes it possible monitor breeding populations of this species using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). study analysed year-round data records from AURAL instruments in Svalbard (Norway) investigate seasonal variation presence male phenology diffe...

It is well known that cross-linguistic interactions can exist between the two languages in a bilingual speaker’s repertoire. At level of phonetics and phonology, this interaction may result transfer feature from one language to other or ‘merging’ phonetic properties languages. Although there are numerous studies speakers which show such interactions, relatively little about nature communities l...

Nursal Ünsal, keman ve viyola icrâsında döneminin ender kadın virtüözlerden birini temsil etmektedir. Ünsal’ın, taksim icrâlarında çalgı hâkimiyeti, müzikal ifadelerinin tasarımı makam işleyişini keman/viyola teknik özellikleriyle harmanlaması dikkat çekicidir. yaşamış olduğu dönemin yaygın olarak bilinen gelenek temsilcileri tarafından taltif görmüş gerek icrâsı ses ile ulusal çapta tanınmıştı...

Among the broad diversity of songbird vocalisations, song can serve a wide range different functions depending on species and context. In many species, aggressive motivation has often been linked with use fast repeated series elements typically referred to as trills. However, only few studies explored role this specific component in large repertoire high complexity. Here, we investigate potenti...


 One form of singing or chanting spread through cultural needs is a traditional song originating from Kutai Kartanegara called tarsul. This study aimed to obtain data about what vocal ornaments are contained in the The theory used this research music presentation forms, ornamentation, and western techniques. A qualitative descriptive was chosen by prioritizing musicology approach. collect...

The present study attempts to characterize the aerodynamic conditions required for the production of apical trills and to account for some universal tendencies in the patterning of trills in terms of their aerodynamic and distinctiveness requirements. In order to ascertain the aerodynamic conditions required for trills, oropharyngeal pressure (Po) and airflow were recorded simultaneously in two...