Electrical stimulation of sacral roots for electrodefecation results in simultaneous activation of the rectum and the external anal sphincter. The sphincter contraction hinders evacuation of the rectum. In this study anodal blocking has been used to reduce the activation of the external anal sphincter. Using a tripolar cuff electrode and monophasic rectangular current pulses in 7 acute minipigs...

Ideally, interference in neural measurements due to signals from nearby muscles can be completely eliminated with the use of tripolar nerve cuff electrodes, in combination with appropriate amplifier schemes. In practice the cuff departs from its ideal model leading to cuff imbalance. As a result, the output nerve signal of such amplifiers has been widely reported to be degraded by interference,...

background headache is one of the most prevalent investigated complaints in the neurology clinics and is the most common pain-related complaint worldwide. stress is a significant factor that causes and triggers headaches. since healthcare practitioners experience a lot of stress in their careers, they are more prone to headaches. objectives this study was designed to evaluate and compares the e...

  In this study, the effect of an experimentally increased excitability in hippocampal neurons, via hippocampal kindling, on amygdala kindling rate was investigated in rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups. In all groups, except group 2, tripolar electrodes were implanted in the amygdala and CAI region of the dorsal hippocampus. Group 2 animals were only implanted with tripolar electrodes in...

The problem of nonlinear self-organization of perturbations in differentially rotating, nonuniform, gravitating systems is studied. Two types of stationary nonlinear solutions, in the form of tripolar vortices and vortex chains of gravitational potential and density, dependent on the spatial profiles of the basic state quantities, are found. They propagate with a constant velocity perpendicular...

patients afflicted with chronic pain have both physical and psychological problems. this research investigated the impact of the psychological factors in the treatment results of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) in the patients afflicted with chronic diseases. the subjects were 37 individuals (20 males and 17 females) with the mean age of 46 who had referred to two centers of ...

OBJECTIVES Hepatic incidentalomas (HI) are asymptomatic lesions detected incidentally during investigations for other pathologies. This prospective series outlines the management and outcomes of 121 HI managed over 7 years. METHODS Data were recorded prospectively on 121 patients referred between 2003 and 2010 for assessment of HI out of 1081 patients referred for a hepatic resection. Patient...

During bipolar mitosis a pair of centrioles is distributed to each cell but the activities of the two centrioles within the pair are not equivalent. The parent is normally surrounded by a cloud of pericentriolar material that serves as a microtubule-organizing center. The daughter does not become associated with pericentriolar material until it becomes a parent in the next cell cycle (Rieder, C...