Recent guidelines recommend empiric vancomycin dosing of 60 mg/kg per day and consideration of higher trough concentrations (15-20 mcg/mL) in children with invasive infections. In this study, we report a retrospective review evaluating the dose/trough relationship and predicted area under the curve in pediatric patients receiving vancomycin for invasive staphylococcal infections.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential of nevirapine 200 mg once-daily regimen and evaluate the influence of patient characteristics on nevirapine concentrations. METHODS This was a prospective, multicentre cohort study with 532 HIV-infected patients receiving nevirapine as a part of their initial antiretroviral therapy. Plasma samples were collected at trough or peak time at the end of week...

Treatment of von Willebrand disease typically requires multiple infusions of von Willebrand factor (VWF)/factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate. Accumulation of FVIII is a clinical concern due to potential risk for thromboembolism. This study sought to determine whether VWF/FVIII concentrate of high VWF:FVIII ratio can prevent FVIII accumulation. VWF-deficient knockout mice received four 150 IU/kg VWF...

During March and April, widespread burning occurs across farmlands in Indochina in preparation for planting at the monsoon onset. The resultant aerosols impact the air quality downwind. In this study, we investigate the climatic aspect of the interannual variation of springtime biomass burning in Indochina and its correlation with air quality at Mt. Lulin in Taiwan using long-term (2005-2015) s...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are established as first-line therapy in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, little is known about the dosage-plasma-level relationship of ACE inhibitors in CHF and its relation to drug-induced adverse effects. We investigated 45 patients (age 55 +/- 10 years) with stable CHF who presented with a maintenance dosage of enalapril of either 5 mg b.i...

BACKGROUND Limited information is available on the relationship between nevirapine plasma concentrations and virologic response or liver toxicity in Chinese patients with HIV infection. The objective of this prospective study was to test this relationship and to determine the minimal therapeutic trough concentration of nevirapine for Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 227 HIV-infected, trea...

PURPOSE The practice of intentional rounding up of serum creatinine (SCr) in elderly patients with low measured values can lead to an underestimation of creatinine clearance and subsequent inaccurate dosing of medications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of vancomycin dose calculations for patients aged ≥65 years using an SCr rounded up to 1 mg/dL versus actual SCr....

The objective of this study was to explore the following aspects of teicoplanin use in patients with hematological malignancy: early attainment of target trough concentrations with current high-dose teicoplanin regimens, variability in unbound teicoplanin fractions, factors associated with observed total and unbound trough concentrations, efficacy and toxicity, and renal function estimation. Th...

INTRODUCTION Serum cystatin C can improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation over creatinine alone, but whether this translates into clinically relevant improvements in drug dosing is unclear. METHODS This prospective cohort study enrolled adults receiving scheduled intravenous vancomycin while hospitalized at the Mayo Clinic in 2012. Vancomycin dosing was based on weight, serum crea...

BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP2C19 influence voriconazole pharmacokinetics. However, the impact of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of voriconazole therapy are not well established. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study, we analyzed all consecutive adult patients with hematologic disease...