Continued increases in Johne’s disease around the world suggest more information is needed to understand the mechanisms by which the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), is spread among livestock on the farm site. Livestock watering troughs are frequented by all animals on a farm; they provide a moist, nutrient-rich environment for bacterial survival, and the troug...

BACKGROUND Limited information is available on the relationship between nevirapine plasma concentrations and virologic response or liver toxicity in Chinese patients with HIV infection. The objective of this prospective study was to test this relationship and to determine the minimal therapeutic trough concentration of nevirapine for Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 227 HIV-infected, trea...

INTRODUCTION Vancomycin is the cornerstone of therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus in both community- and hospital-acquired infections. Monitoring vancomycin concentration is essential to prevent over- or underdosing of pediatric patients. However, only initial trough vancomycin concentrations may be needed to optimize dosages. The optimal rate of the trough serum level to the m...

BACKGROUND The association between clinical events and everolimus exposure in patients receiving reduced-exposure calcineurin inhibitor therapy is poorly explored. METHODS In a pre-planned, descriptive analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial, events were correlated with everolimus trough concentrations in 556 newly transplanted kidney transplant patients receiving everolimus with ...

BACKGROUND A retrospective analysis was performed on adult renal transplant recipients to evaluate the relationship between tacrolimus trough concentrations and the development of rejection in the first month after transplant. METHODS A total of 349 concentrations from 29 patients, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were recorded. Based on an increased serum creatinine, 12...

We describe a determination of zomepirac concentration in plasma and serum by reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid chromatography. The assay requires 1.0 mL of sample and involves diethyl ether extraction of zomepirac from an acidified sample, followed by concentration and injection into a liquid chromatograph. The column effluent is monitored at 330 nm. Retention times of zomepirac and the...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in healthy volunteers the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of GSK2647544, (a selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitor). METHODS Study 1 was a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study with healthy male volunteers randomized to receive single escalating oral dos...

PURPOSE To study pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam (LEV) during pregnancy, delivery, lactation, and in the neonatal period. METHODS Fourteen women with epilepsy receiving LEV treatment during pregnancy and lactation contributed with 15 pregnancies to this prospective study in which LEV concentrations in plasma and breast milk were determined. Trough maternal plasma samples were collected each...

Voriconazole concentrations display a large variability, which cannot completely be explained by known factors. Inflammation may be a contributing factor, as inflammatory stimuli can change the activities and expression levels of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. We explored the correlation between inflammation, reflected by C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, and voriconazole trough concentrati...

Gabapentin is an antiepileptic drug prescribed for several neuropathic pain conditions. This study aimed to evaluate gabapentin (GAB) trough plasma concentration range and the applicability of therapeutic monitoring in patients with pain. Fifty-three pain, aged 20 75, received as treatment at least 7 days. was sampled before GAB administration quantified by liquid chromatography a UV detector. ...