The density of soil seed banks is normally highest at the soil surface and declines monotonically with depth. Sometimes, for a variety of reasons, peak density occurs below the surface but, except in severely disturbed soils, it is generally true that deeper seeds are older. In seasonally dry habitats that develop deep soil cracks during the dry season, it is possible that some seeds fall down ...

BACKGROUND The effect of herbivory on plant fitness varies widely. Understanding the causes of this variation is of considerable interest because of its implications for plant population dynamics and trait evolution. We experimentally defoliated the annual herb Arabidopsis thaliana in a natural population in Sweden to test the hypotheses that (a) plant fitness decreases with increasing damage, ...

Seeds are a vital component of the world’s diet. Cereal grains alone, which comprise -90% of all cultivated seeds, contribute up to half of the global per capita energy intake. Not surprisingly then, seed biology is one of the most extensively researched areas in plant physiology. Even in relation to the topics reviewed here, a casual perusal of the Agricola database reveals that well over 5000...

Seeds are a vital component of the world’s diet. Cereal grains alone, which comprise -90% of all cultivated seeds, contribute up to half of the global per capita energy intake. Not surprisingly then, seed biology is one of the most extensively researched areas in plant physiology. Even in relation to the topics reviewed here, a casual perusal of the Agricola database reveals that well over 5000...

The goal of this research is to develop and verify elicitation methods to assess counterterrorism values that could be of interest for the purpose of planning defensive strategies (but are difficult to estimate because of insufficient historical data) by combining the judgments of multiple domain experts. In particular, the project focused on producing reliable estimates from the opinions of mu...

This paper presents an efficient approach to finding more bilingual webpage pairs with high credibility via link analysis, using little prior knowledge or heuristics. It extends from a previous algorithm that takes the number of bilingual URL pairs that a key (i.e., a URL pairing pattern) can match as the objective function to search for the best set of keys yielding the greatest number of webp...

Apomixis means production seed without fertilization. It perpetuates genotypes adapted to a certain environment. Genes of apomixis were detected in wild cassava and transferred to the cultivate by the senior author. A new species of Manihot species has evolved in our Living collection, at the Universidade de Brasília. Multiembryonic sacs were noted in its ovules. It bred true for four generatio...