OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in detecting the presence of arterial remodelling in patients with unstable angina. DESIGN Prospective case study. PATIENTS 60 of 95 consecutively admitted patients with unstable angina (41 male, 19 female), mean (SD) age 61.2 (8.1) years. INTERVENTIONS Qualitative and quantitative coronary angiography and IVUS. MAIN OU...

STUDY OBJECTIVES In obese patients, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is attributed to a reduction in pharyngeal cross-sectional area due to peripharyngeal fat deposition. The effect of weight loss on the size of the upper airways of obese subjects is still unknown. We analyzed the pharyngeal cross-sectional area before and after weight loss in morbidly obese patients with OSAS. DESIGN,...

PURPOSE To introduce a novel, noninvasive technique to determine the depth and extent of anterior corneal stroma changes induced by collagen cross-linking (CXL) using quantitative analysis of high-resolution anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) post-operative images. SETTING Private clinical ophthalmology practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two groups of corneal cross-sectional im...

Morphological characteristics of muscle fibers, such as fiber size, are critical factors that determine the health and function of the muscle. However, at this time, quantification of muscle fiber cross-sectional area is still a manual or, at best, a semiautomated process. This process is labor intensive, time consuming, and prone to errors, leading to high interobserver variability. We have de...

A noninvasive measurement of pharyngeal cross-sectional area (CSA) during sleep would be advantageous for research studies. We hypothesized that CSA could be calculated from the measured pharyngeal pressure and flow by finite element analysis (FEA). The retropalatal airway was visualized by using a fiber-optic scope to obtain the measured CSA (mCSA). Flow was measured with a pneumotachometer, a...

Long bone loading histories are commonly evaluated using a beam model by calculating cross-sectional second moments of areas (SMAs). Without in vivo strain data, SMA analyses commonly make two explicit or implicit assumptions. First, while it has long been known that axial compression superimposed on bending shifts neutral axes away from cross-sectional area centroids, most analyses assume that...

PURPOSE Previously, we demonstrated reduced Schlemm's canal cross-sectional area (SC-CSA) with increased perfusion pressure in a cadaveric flow model. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of acute IOP elevation on SC-CSA in living human eyes. METHODS The temporal limbus of 27 eyes of 14 healthy subjects (10 male, 4 female, age 36 ± 13 years) was imaged by spectral-doma...

In this study, we report the development and accuracy of a direct technique to measure airway calibre using a superfine fibreoptic bronchoscope. Ten mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone and the trachea intubated with a tracheal tube; the small lumen of the tube allowed passage of a superfine fibreoptic bronchoscope (od 2.2 mm). Bronchial cross-sectional area and airway pressure w...

BACKGROUND Although the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and the size of certain trunk muscles has been extensively studied, the relationship between gluteus maximus (GM) size and LBP has been only minimally examined. Determining whether such a relationship exists would help improve our understanding of the etiology of LBP, and possibly provide a rationale for the use of therapeutic exe...

In an attempt to clarify the function of the suboccipital muscles, we performed morphological observation of the suboccipital muscles for variations in the muscle belly and compared the morphology of their muscle fibers in terms of cross-sectional area by immunostaining with anti-myosin heavy chain antibodies. The cadavers of 25 Japanese individuals were used: 22 for morphological examinations ...