Incorrect endotracheal placement of the tracheal tube can lead to serious complications, such as laryngeal nerve paralysis and accidental extubation [1]. In oral and maxillofacial surgery and dental procedure, the head of the patient was covered in drape, and an anesthesiologist cannot often see tracheal tube. In addition, surgeon (or dentist) may move the head of the patient. Flexion of the ne...

Introduction: Biliary surgery has matured substantially over recent decades. The use of Hans Kehr’s universally adopted T-tube in the early twentieth century, shifted from ‘routine’ frequent bile duct explorations to highly selective and occasional. This evolution is primarily a consequence improved interventional endoscopy, radiology hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery. Unfortunately, it al...

Tracheostomy tube change is a relatively common and simple procedure once a tract is formed between the skin and the trachea. Regular tracheostomy tube changes decrease the risk of postoperative pulmonary infection and granulation tissue formation. However, serious complications, such as loss of airway, subcutaneous emphysema, and mediastinitis, can occur if the tube exchange is performed inapp...

BACKGROUND The optimal chest tube size for the drainage of traumatic hemothoraces and pneumothoraces is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of small versus large chest tubes for use in thoracic trauma. Our hypothesis was that (1) there would be no difference in clinically relevant outcomes including retained hemothoraces, the need for additional tube insertion, and in...

abstract background peripheral blood vessels, due to availability are used for many years in cancer patients, however in patients with potentially harmful drugs to skin (vesicant drugs) or difficult accessibility to vessels, the use of implantable port (totally implantable venous access port-tivap)devices with central vascular access are important.  materials and methods in this retrospective s...

a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube A 44-year-old patient with cachexia and insufficient oral intake due to hypopharyngeal carcinoma underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement with the pull technique, which is a common option for the treatment of dysphagia [1]. Transillumination and finger pressure revealed a safe puncture site at the anterior gastric wall, and t...

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fluoroscopically placed jejunal extension tubes (J-arm) in patients with existing gastrostomy tubes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 391 J-arm placements performed in 174 patients. Indications for jejunal nutrition were aspiration risk (35%), pancreatitis (17%), gastroparesis (13%), gastric outlet obstruction (12%), and ot...

OBJECTIVE to investigate the effect of standardized interventions in the management of tube thoracostomy patients and to assess the independent effect of each intervention. METHODS A chest tube management protocol was assessed in a retrospective cohort study. The tube thoracostomy protocol (TTP) was implemented in August 2012, and consisted of: antimicrobial prophylaxis, chest tube insertion ...