how to cite this article: talebian a, soltani b, sehat m, zahedi a, noorian a, talebian m. incidence and risk factors of neural tube defects in kashan, central iran. iran j child neurol. summer 2015;9(3):50-56. abstract objective neural tube defects (ntds) are the most common congenital defects of central nervous system due to neural tube closure deficit during the third and fourth weeks of ges...

At present, the tubular structural systems are mainly used in tall buildings to withstand earthquake loads. Although it is possible to analyse the structure by finite element methods using standard three dimensional programs, the system is generally time-consuming and expensive in the primary design work. In this paper, for the analysis of Framed-Tube systems, a simple method was studied and de...

People with diabetes experience morbidity and mortality from unregulated microvascular remodeling, which may be linked to hyperglycemia. Elevated glucose leads to extracellular matrix collagen glycation, which delays endothelial capillary-like tube formation in vitro. Glucose also increases endothelial cell fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) release and extracellular matrix storage, which shoul...

OBJECTIVE The frequency of hemolysis of blood samples may be increased by transport in a pneumatic tube system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pneumatic tube system transport on hemolysis of blood samples. METHODS Blood samples were transported from the emergency department to the hospital laboratory manually by hospital staff (49 patients) or with a pneumatic tube sy...

INTRODUCTION The 'order of draw' has been advocated since 1982 to reduce the risk of cross-contaminating blood tubes with additives from a previously filled tube. METHODS We studied 193 patients receiving oral anticoagulation. Multiple tubes were collected in a specific order using the Sarstedt Safety Monovette System. We evaluated the effect of the 'order of draw' on the prothrombin time/int...

This study was performed to compare the amount of air leakage into the thoracic cavity associated with three thoracostomy tube materials (silicone, polyvinyl chloride, red rubber) in canine cadavers. Differences in intrapleural pressures (IPPs) measured before and after tube placement and before and after tube removal were calculated. The duration of air leakage around the tubes was assessed by...

PURPOSE Hand-held dental x-ray system is a self contained x-ray machine designed to perform intraoral radiography with one or two hands. The issue about its usage as general dental radiography is still in dispute. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the amount of battery charge and the tube voltage in different hand-held dental x-ray systems. MATERIALS AND METH...

A solar chimney is designed and tested to pump outside air through an underground cooling tube during summer for building cooling. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the solar chimney can be used to power the underground cooling system during daytime without use of electricity. This paper presents the theoretical design principals of the solar chimney, detailed experim...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the installation of deep tube wells to reduce exposure to groundwater arsenic in rural Bangladesh had an effect on the incidence of childhood diarrhoeal disease. METHODS Episodes of diarrhoeal disease in children aged under 5 years that occurred on one specified day each month between 2005 and 2006 were reported to community health workers for six rural villages...