The morphology of Mucor racemosus in cultures continuously sparged with nitrogen gas was investigated. When appropriate precautions were taken to prevent oxygen from entering the cultures, the morphology of the cells was uniformly yeastlike irrespective of the N2 flow rate. When small amounts of oxygen entered the cultures the resulting microaerobic conditions evoked mycelial development. Polyp...

Earthworms possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, and hemolytic properties. To recognize the molecules responsible for various biological activities of earthworm’s coelomic fluid, a detailed knowledge about its protein contents is required. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteins present within the coelomic fluid of Eisenia foetida earthworm. Polyacrylamide-gel-elec...

In this report, we describe methods used to analyze the protein composition of sectioned frozen prostatic tissues by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Our results show a high degree of homology in two-dimensional electrophoretograms of proteins extracted from frozen sections of malignant prostate glands. Such homology was not apparent in protein patterns of benign hypertrophic prostatic tiss...

Proteomics is a promising new tool for functional genomics. In addition to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, other methods that are based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are now available to study proteins. In this brief article, we review the strengths and limitations of the proteomic approaches currently available to the researcher, and we provide examples of how proteomics ...

N. Leigh Anderson Molecular Anatomy Program Division of Biological and Medical Research Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois 60439 Received June 6,1979 SUMMARY: Using the technique of thermal denaturation in a temperature gradient followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the fractions, the thermostabilities of the cytoplasmic actins have been investigated. Addition of 5 mM Mg...

PrP(C), the cellular isoform of prion protein, is widely expressed in most tissues. Despite its involvement in several bioprocesses it still has no apparent physiological role. During propagation of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, PrP(C) is converted to the pathological isoform, PrP(Sc), in a process believed to be mediated by unknown host factors. PrP(Sc) has altered biochemical pro...

In eukaryotic cells, the mitochondrion is the key organelle for cellular respiration. Mitochondrial proteome analysis is difficult to perform by the classical proteomic approach involving two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), because this organelle contains a large number of membrane-associated and highly alkaline proteins usually requiring specific treatments to be successfully analyzed. ...

A molecular phylogeny for the hominoid primates was constructed by using genetic distances from a survey of 383 radiolabeled fibroblast polypeptides resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). An internally consistent matrix of Nei genetic distances was generated on the basis of variants in electrophoretic position. The derived phylogenetic tree indicated a branching sequence, from oldes...

Two mutant strains of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough lacking either the sod gene for periplasmic superoxide dismutase or the rbr gene for rubrerythrin, a cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) reductase, were constructed. Their resistance to oxidative stress was compared to that of the wild-type and of a sor mutant lacking the gene for the cytoplasmic superoxide reductase. The sor mutan...

The biological behaviors of ribozymes, riboswitches, and numerous other functional RNA molecules are critically dependent on their tertiary folding and their ability to sample multiple functional states. The conformational heterogeneity and partially folded nature of most of these states has rendered their characterization by high-resolution structural approaches difficult or even intractable. ...