Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS) activated the I(Cl,swell) anion channel in N1E115 neuroblastoma cells in a swelling-independent manner. GTPgammaS-induced current was unaffected by ATP removal and broadly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors, demonstrating that phosphorylation events do not regulate G protein-dependent channel activation. Pertussis toxin had no effect on GTPgamma...

In this paper we consider the CAPACITATED DOMINATING SET problem — a generalisation of the DOMINATING SET problem where each vertex v is additionally equipped with a number c(v), which is the number of other vertices this vertex can dominate. We provide an algorithm that solves CAPACITATED DOMINATING SET exactly in O(1.89) time and polynomial space. Despite the fact that the CAPACITATED DOMINAT...

Aerolysin is a pore-forming toxin that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila infections. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of aerolysin on human granulocytes (HL-60 cells). Proaerolysin could bind to these cells, was processed into active aerolysin, and led to membrane depolarization, indicating that granulocytes are potential targets for this toxin. Fura-2 measu...

Diversity among Conus toxins mirrors the high species diversity in the Indo-Pacific region, and evolution of both is thought to stem from feeding-niche specialization derived from intra-generic competition. This study focuses on Conus californicus, a phylogenetic outlier endemic to the temperate northeast Pacific. Essentially free of congeneric competitors, it preys on a wider variety of organi...

In this paper we provide algorithms faster than O(2) for two variants of the IRREDUNDANT SET problem. More precisely, we give: – a branch-and-reduce algorithm solving LARGEST IRREDUNDANT SET in O(1.9657) time and polynomial space; the time complexity can be reduced using memoization to O(1.8475) at the cost of using exponential space, – and a simple iterative-DFS algorithm for SMALLEST INCLUSIO...

Invasive tree pathogens threaten forests worldwide, but their effects on streams are poorly understood. Nevertheless, infections that lead to changes in the characteristics of litter inputs may affect stream communities and ecosystem processes. We studied cross-ecosystem derived from Phytophthora cinnamomi, ×alni, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi infection Castanea sativa (chestnut), Alnus lusitanica (alde...

Race T of the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus is highly virulent toward Texas male sterile (T) maize and differs from its relative, race O, at a locus (Tox1) that is responsible for the production of T-toxin, a family of linear long-chain (C35 to E41) polyketides. In a previous study, the restriction enzyme-mediated integration procedure was used to mutagenize and tag Tox1. Here, we...

Although extensively studied, the mechanism of action of insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins remains elusive and requires further elucidation. Toxin receptors in the brush border membrane demand particular attention as they presumably initiate the cascade of events leading to insect mortality after toxin activation. The 170-kDa Cry1Ac toxin-binding aminopeptidase from the tobacco bud...