We studied the long-term acclimatization of freshwater periphyton communities exposed to low and high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) intensities that simulate UVR doses received by lowland and high-mountain streams of central Europe. To assess changes induced by UVR, we compared the community structure (species and biomass), function (photosynthetic yield), and tolerance to UVR and cadmium of peri...

INTRODUCTION Outdoor workers are at high risk of exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a known human carcinogen. In Canada, no objective measures of UVR exposure are available for occupational settings. METHODS The Outdoor Workers Project collected UVR exposure data among outdoor workers in Vancouver, Canada during the summer of 2013. Objective measures of exposure were taken for one...

BACKGROUND WHO's global burden of disease studies, undertaken since 1996, apportion the total global disease burden, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), to specific diseases and injuries. Recent assessments of the relative burden due to specific environmental risk factors, plus an understanding of the nature of the risk factor, may guide resource allocation in risk factor manage...

Marathon runners spend considerable time in outdoor training for and participating in marathons. Outdoor runners may experience high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. South Africa, where running is popular, experiences high ambient solar UVR levels that may be associated with adverse health effects. This feasibility study explores the use of personal dosimeters to determine solar UVR ...

Although the biological importance of ultraviolet light (UVR) attenuation has been recognised in marine and freshwater environments, it is not generally considered in in vitro ecotoxicological studies using algal cell suspensions. In this study, UVA and UVB extinction were determined for cultures of algae with varying cell densities, and the data were used to calculate the corresponding extinct...

A clinical epidemiological study has been conducted as apart of research project investigating chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) as a factor contributing to the onset of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The study included 623 subjects older than 50 from two different geographic areas, one with high solar radiation (the island of Solta - Region 1) and the other (Zagre...

OBJECTIVES Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an occupational health and safety issue for outdoor workers since excessive exposure is associated with negative health outcomes, including eye conditions and skin cancers. The objective of this research was to describe the pattern of UVR exposure experienced by outdoor workers from selected occupations in New Zealand in order to ident...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been identified as the primary etiologic agent for the induction and promotion of most skin cancers. The first associations between solar UVR and skin cancer were acknowledged by the scientific community in 1927. Since then, increasing evidence for the role of UVR in the causation of skin cancer has resulted in the listing of solar and artificial UVR as a human c...

BACKGROUND Several epidemiological investigations show a correlation between cataract development and the dose of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) received. It is experimentally well established that exposure of animal eyes to UVR induces cataract. Most cataracts develop as a gradual increase in lens opacity. Despite this, current estimations of toxicity for cataract are based on the concept that ca...

Epidermis, composed primarily of the keratinocytes, is subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative and genotoxic stresses. That keratinocytes are initial source pro-inflammatory mediators in skin after UVR exposure has been well established. Ultraviolet B (UVB) a strong initiator cutaneous inflammation, contributes etiology exacerbation several diseases, such as lupus erythematos...