In recent work, Langley et al. (2014) introduced UMBRA, a system for plan and dialogue understanding. The program applies a form of abductive inference to generate explanations incrementally from relational descriptions of observed behavior and knowledge in the form of rules. Although UMBRA’s creators described the system architecture, knowledge, and inferences, along with experimental studies ...

In the present work, we introduce and explain a method of solution of the radiative transfer equation based on a thin cloud model. The efficiency of this method to retrieve dynamical chromospheric parameters from Stokes I profiles of Ca II 854.2 nm line showing spectral emission is investigated. The analyzed data were recorded with the Crisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter (CRISP) at Swedish 1-m So...

We demonstrate that the radial magnetic-field component at outer boundary of sunspot penumbra is about 550 Mx cm−2 independent area and maximum magnetic field in umbra. The mean intensity sunspots grows slightly as increases up to 500 – 1000 millionth visual hemisphere (m.v.h.) may reach 900 2000 cm−2. total flux weakly depends on strength a determined by spottedness, i.e. number area; however,...

The Just in Time and the Total Quality policies have remarkably touched every field of modern industrial production. This context prompts companies to dedicate most of their efforts on researching and developing automatic systems of quality control to obtain the elevated standards of quality nowadays demanded by the market at every level of production. In fact the quantity of the exemplars allo...