Uncertainty may be taken to characterize in­ ferences, their conclusions, their premises or all three. Under some treatments of uncer­ tainty, the inference itself is never character­ ized by uncertainty. We explore both the sig­ nificance of uncertainty in the premises and in the conclusion of an argument that in­ volves uncertainty. We argue that for un­ certainty to characterize the conclusi...

Some rigorous results can be derived using a very simple approach to hadron spectroscopy, in which a static potential is associated with non-relativistic kinematics. Several regularities of the experimental spectrum are explained by such models. It is underlined that certain methods developed for hadronic physics have found applications in other fields, in particular atomic physics. A few resul...

Inverse kinematics computation using an artificial neural network that learns the inverse kinematics of a robot arm has been employed by many researchers. However, conventional learning methodologies do not p a y enough attention to the discontinuity of the inverse kinematics system of typical robot arms with joint limits. The inverse kinematics system of the robot arms, including a human arm w...

The information required for solving the inverse kinematic problem associated with any single-loop spatial mechanism is essentially stored in the inverse kinematic solution set of the orthogonal spherical mechanism (SS ÿ 3 for short). The ®rst part of this paper is devoted to the characterization of SS ÿ 3 in terms of its connectivity, singularities and symmetries. The second one focuses on ®nd...

Inverse kinematics computation using an arti cial neural network that learns the inverse kinematics of a robot arm has been employed by many researchers. However, conventional learning methodologies do not pay enough attention to the discontinuity of the inverse kinematics system of typical robot arms with joint limits. The inverse kinematics system of the robot arms is a multi-valued and disco...

Uncertain logic is a branch of multi-valued logic for dealing with subjective information, which explains formulas as uncertain variables and defines their truth values as uncertain measures. In this paper, uncertain satisfiability is proposed to verify the consistency of a set of truth values for the formulas. Furthermore, for a set of satisfiable formulas with given truth values, the problem ...

In this paper we call an FK space X containing φ Cesàro semiconservative space if X ⊂ σs holds. Therefore we give some characterizations of these spaces.