BACKGROUND Uncorrected refractive errors are the commonest cause of visual loss in children despite spectacle correction being highly cost-effective. Many affected children do not benefit from correction as a high proportion do not wear their spectacles. Reasons for non-wear include parental attitudes, overprescribing and children being teased/bullied. Most school programmes do not provide heal...

IMPORTANCE Spectacle independence is becoming increasingly important in cataract surgery. Not correcting corneal astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery will fail to achieve spectacle independency in 20% to 30% of patients. OBJECTIVE To compare bilateral aspherical toric with bilateral aspherical control intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism...

BACKGROUND The latest WHO report indicates that refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in 7 yr old children in Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in 2013 with multistage cluster sampling, first graders were randomly selected from 8 cities in Iran. All c...

PURPOSE To identify risk factors for inadequately corrected refractive error in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 12,758 participants 12 years of age and older from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals with inadequate refractive correction for whom refractive correction would resul...

background and objective: evaluation of the results, safety, and stability of ferrara intracorneal ring segment (ficrs) implantation for keratoconus correction (age range was 24.39±8.32 years).   materials and methods: in this clinical trial study, 64 eyes of 57 patients with keratoconus and clear cornea that had ficrs implantation were studied. uncorrected visual acuity (ucva), best-spectacle ...

PURPOSE To provide data on prevalence and types of refractive error and the spectacle-wearing rate among adults in Nigeria and the degree to which the need for distance correction could be met by off-the-shelf spectacles. METHODS Multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size was used to identify a nationally representative sample of 15,027 persons aged ...

AIM To report the usefulness of uncorrected distance visual acuity (DVA) at 16 years to "screen" for myopia status and to assess the lifetime risk of myopia, based on a national birth cohort. METHODS 1867 members of the 1958 British birth cohort for whom there were data on acuity at 16 years had autorefraction, as part of a biomedical survey, at 45 years. Reduced uncorrected DVA at age 16 yea...

Childhood visual impairment due to refractive errors is one of the most common problems among school-age children and is the second leading cause for treatable blindness [1]. Vision 2020: The Right to Sight, a global initiative launched by a coalition of non-government organizations and the World Health Organization (WHO) [2] is to eliminate avoidable visual impairment and blindness on a global...

BACKGROUND Uncorrected refractive error is a common cause of preventable visual impairment. Glasses are the cheapest and commonest form of correction of refractive errors. To achieve this, patients must exhibit good compliance to spectacle wear. Patients' attitude and perception of glasses and eye health could affect compliance to spectacle wear. OBJECTIVE To determine the attitude and belief...

AIM To understand how refractive errors, cataracts, and fixation errors affect multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) responses. METHODS Monocular mfVEP responses were obtained using a pattern reversal dartboard display. For the control condition, visual acuity was corrected to > or =20/20 and foveal fixation was maintained. The right eye was tested under the following conditions: simulat...