Many applications for irrigation management and environment monitoring exploit buried sensors wired-connected to the soil surface for information retrieval. Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) is an emerging area of research that promises to provide communication capabilities to these sensors. To accomplish this, a reliable wireless underground communication channel is necessary, allow...

In this study, short-term experiments were carried out to assess the microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) risk in context of French high-level radioactive waste disposal CIGEO (Centre Industriel de Stockage Géologique). The exposures different representative media, including presence cement-grout mixtures as filling material. Nonsterile and biotic conditions with nutrients considered. For con...

Humans naturally dispose of objects that disgust them. Is this phenomenon so deeply embedded that even incidental disgust – i.e., where the source of disgust is unrelated to a possessed object – triggers disposal? Two experiments were designed to answer this question. Two film clips served as disgust and neutral primes; the objects were routine commodities (boxes of office supplies). Results re...

The swelling pressure of bentonite changes dramatically due to diffused nuclear radiation heat and underground osmosis, causing the failure buffer isolation layer in deep geological repositories for disposal high-level radioactive waste. A detailed overview relevant research results on variation under thermo-chemical effects is presented this paper. showed that values obtained by different test...

The paper presents the numerical simulation of an underground excavation in Callovo-Oxfordian argillaceous formation, performed Meuse/Haute-Marne research laboratory, within context deep geological nuclear waste disposal. constitutive model adopted incorporates a number characteristic features hydromechanical behaviour claystone, and other indurated clays, including anisotropy time-dependent de...

Abstract Water pollution is one of the most dangerous problems which commonly ignored in our country. Pakistan ranks very low world, regarding drinkable water. Both surface and underground water are contaminated with toxic metals pesticides arsenic (μg/L) were found to be 50. The quality parameters set by WHO persistently violated. seriously affected improper disposal industrial, domestic waste...

In Kazakhstan there are all conditions for the organization of complete technological cycle nuclear power generation, from extraction uranium ores and ending with facilities long-term storage radioactive waste. Republic have been no works yet on such an important component this as creation underground RW disposal facilities, where subject separate investigation is research laboratory (URL) conf...

Crimeware-as-a-service (CaaS) has become a prominent component of the underground economy. CaaS provides a new dimension to cyber crime by making it more organized, automated, and accessible to criminals with limited technical skills. This paper dissects CaaS and explains the essence of the underground economy that has grown around it. The paper also describes the various crimeware services tha...

a r t i c l e i n f o We provide a theoretical and empirical study of the relation between financial development and the size of the underground economy. In our theoretical framework agents allocate investment between a low-return technology which can be operated with internal funds, and a high-return technology which requires external finance. Firms can reduce the cost of funding by disclosing...

The paper describes two Monte Carlo codes dedicated to muon simulations: MUSIC (MUon SImulation Code) and MUSUN (MUon Simulations UNderground). MUSIC is a package for muon transport through matter. It is particularly useful for propagating muons through large thickness of rock or water, for instance from the surface down to underground/underwater laboratory. MUSUN is designed to use the results...