One of the most important and typical application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is target tracking. Although target tracking, can provide benefits for large-scale WSNs and organize them into clusters but tracking a moving target in cluster-based WSNs suffers a boundary problem. The main goal of this paper was to introduce an efficient and novel mobility management protocol namely Target Tr...

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are emerging technology for disclosing multiple applications, such as oil, earth quick, and marine environments. All sensor nodes deployed in UWSNs operate through limited power batteries. Prolonging the network’s lifetime environments is an essential task a hot topic among researchers. Multiple routing protocols have been designed to overcome issue r...

As the sheer number of potential opportunistic application continues to surge (i.e., wireless sensor networks, underwater sensor networks, pocket switched networks, vehicular networks, and etc.), proper strategies for dealing with communication in various challenged network environments are of significance and remained desirable. In this study, we investigated two applications in opportunistic ...

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks are significantly different from terrestrial sensor networks due to peculiar characteristics of low bandwidth, high latency, limited energy, node float mobility and high error probability. These features bring many challenges to the network protocol design of UWSNs. Several routing protocols have been developed in recent years for these networks. One of the m...

Simulations have proven to be useful in aiding the research in wireless and underwater sensor networks. Simulations can be very convenient also when planning the development and deployment of an underwater sensor network for a real application. However, in order to achieve trustworthy results and to be able to extract correct conclusions, accurate models and real parameters should be used. This...

The underwater acoustic channel has many fundamentally different properties to the conventional radio-based wireless channel. Communication is changed drastically by acoustic propagation speeds that are five orders of magnitude slower than radio. This, coupled with bandwidth limitations, high transmit energy cost, complex multi-path effects, and high bit-error rates make the issue of medium acc...

Large propagation delay and node movement are considered to be two significant attributes that differentiate an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) from a ground wireless sensor network (WSN). The acoustic-based media dramatically narrows the bandwidth of communication of UWSN due to slow propagation speed. An underwater sensor node can move out of and into another node’s range frequently...