In advanced technology nodes, unidirectional layout is strongly preferred for high-density metal layers for better manufacturability. The lithography printing of unidirectional layout can be tightly controlled with illumination source optimization and resolution enhancement techniques. Meanwhile, with the unidirectional layout, self-aligned double and quadruple patterning can be applied to achi...

We report strong damping enhancement in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film due to spin inhomogeneity at the interface. The growth-induced thin interfacial gadolinium (GdIG) layer antiferromagnetically (AFM) exchange couples with top YIG layer. out-of-plane angular variation of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}H$ reflects a large inhomogeneous distribution effective mag...

One of the most significant ways that people convey information is through sound. The production directed sound dramatically increasing in terms personal privacy contemporary culture. Ultrasonic Unidirectional Speaker project aims to design and develop a compact, lightweight, energy-efficient speaker system can deliver specific direction using ultrasonic waves. utilises non-linear properties ai...

[Abstract] In this paper, the transport efficiency of Multi Protocol Encapsulation (MPE), Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE) and Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) for typical IP packet sizes is compared. Moreover, the aggregated efficiency when applying packet-level forward error correction (PL-FEC) with MPE, ULE and GSE is also analyzed. MPE-FEC is the mechanism used by DVB-H wher...

Both canopy flow and porous media theories have been developed independent of one another to predict flow through submerged porous structures. These approaches are very similar, albeit with some key differences in how canopy resistance forces are parameterized. Canopy models provide a means of parameterizing the shear stresses that occur at the top of the canopy, whereas porous media models can...