This paper focuses on non-internationalized supplier firms and investigates how the expansion of overseas activities by their main customer firms affects their employment, utilizing a unique dataset that includes information on buyer-supplier transaction relationships for Japanese manufacturing firms for the period 1998-2007. We do not find any negative effect of top buyers' overseas expansion ...

During floods, the bedload transport of steep headwaters can exceed the hydraulic transport capacity of milder downstream reaches where settlements are often situated. Therefore, sediment retention barriers are typically installed upstream of such sensible areas. These barriers trigger bedload trapping via two control mechanisms, either hydraulic or mechanical. Both deposition controls, pertain...

It is well known that vertical integration can change an upstream producer’s incentive to supply the integrated ...rm’s downstream rivals. However, it has not been noticed that vertical integration also changes these rivals’ incentives to choose suppliers. This paper develops an equilibrium theory of vertical merger that incorporates strategic behaviors in the input market of both the integrate...

We study welfare effects of horizontal mergers under a successive oligopoly model and find that downstream mergers can increase welfare if they reduce input prices. The lower input price shifts some input production from costinefficient upstream firms to cost-efficient ones. Also, the lower input price makes upstream entry less attractive, reduces the number of upstream entrants, and decreases ...

We consider an industry where an upstream …rm determines the size of a network used by two downstream …rms. We contrast ownership unbundling and legal unbundling, where the upstream …rm maximizes its total pro…t, including the pro…t of its downstream subsidiary(ies), but does not discriminate between them. Furthermore, each downstream subsidiary maximizes its own pro…t. We show that ownership s...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract RFC 3031 limits the MPLS archite...

Information technology (IT) can play a key role as a necessary, but not sufficient, source of value. Contemporary research on the strategic role of IT is more and more taking the increasing dynamic and volatile business environment with its increasing intensity of market competition, demand for shortening time to market and pressure of first mover advantage into account. Following this approach...

This paper examines the effect of international outsourcing of intermediate inputs on labour productivity at the level of the plant that engages in outsourcing. To do so we use plant level data for the electronics industry in the Republic of Ireland. Using a fresh perspective on international outsourcing and productivity, we focus on the nature of outsourced inputs (services or tangibles) and t...

Downstream Merger with Oligopolistic Input Suppliers by Kjell Erik Lommerud, Odd Rune Straume, Lars Sørgard We examine how a downstream merger affects input prices and, in turn, the profitability of such a merger under Cournot competition with differentiated products. Input suppliers can be interpreted as ordinary upstream firms, or trade unions organising workers. If the input suppliers are pl...

Maximizing the optical network unit’s (ONU) sleep time is an effective approach for achieving maximum energy conservation in green Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs). While overlapping downstream and upstream ONU transmissions can maximize the ONU sleep time, it jeopardizes the quality of service (QoS) performance of the network, especially for downstream traffic in case the overlapping ...