BACKGROUND A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted to research the adverse effects of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. However, few previous studies have examined the relationship between gaseous air pollution and morbidity for hypertension. METHODS Daily data on emergency hospital visits (EH...

Nowadays many studies are being conducted to develop solutions for improving the performance of urban traffic networks. One of the main challenges is the necessary cooperation among different entities such as vehicles or infrastructure systems and how to exploit the information available through networks of sensors deployed as infrastructures for smart cities. In this work an algorithm for coop...

This paper examines spatial variations in exposure to toxic air pollution from industrial facilities in urban areas of the United States, using geographic microdata from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk‐Screening Environmental Indicators project. We find that average exposure in an urban area is positively correlated with the extent of racial ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current levels of air pollution are consistently associated with asthma development and morbidity among children, suggesting that current regulatory policies may be insufficient. This review will describe recent studies that have examined specific emission sources or components of pollutants that may be associated with pediatric asthma and identify subpopulations that may be p...

Nowadays, Most of the cities, especially metropolises of developing countries are engaged with environmental issues like air and water pollution, waste increase and etc., that lead to the environmental destruction. Meanwhile sustainable urban development, provides the balance between development and the environment, and supplies the current generation needs while keep its eyes on the next gener...

Analyzing individual exposure in urban areas offers several challenges where both the individual's activities and air pollution levels demonstrate a large degree of spatial and temporal dynamics. This review article discusses the concepts, key elements, current developments in assessing personal exposure to urban air pollution (seventy-two studies reviewed) and respective advantages and disadva...

Santiago, Chile has the distinction of having among the worst urban air pollution problems in Latin America. As part of an atmospheric pollution reduction plan, the Santiago Regional Metropolitan government defined an environmental policy goal of using urban forests to remove particulate matter less than 10 microm (PM(10)) in the Gran Santiago area. We used cost effectiveness, or the process of...

Urban centers in Latin American often face high levels of air pollution as a result of economic and industrial growth. Decisions with regard to industry, transportation, and development will affect air pollution and health both in the short term and in the far future through climate change. We investigated the pollution health consequences of modest changes in fossil fuel use for three case stu...

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), global climate change, which will lead to a temperature increase of the lower atmosphere, can be traced to an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other infrared-active gases. Urban agglomerations are particularly affected because, in contrast to the surrounding rural areas, they are characterised by a high ...

Meteorology applied to urban air pollution problems: concepts from COST 715 B. Fisher, J. Kukkonen, M. Piringer, M. W. Rotach, and M. Schatzmann Environment Agency, Kings Meadow House, Reading RG1 8DQ, UK Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, Sahaajankatu 20 E, 00 880 Helsinki, Finland Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics, Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Vienna, Austria Swiss...