BACKGROUND As low- and middle-income countries experience economic development, ensuring quality of health care delivery is a central component of health reform. Nevertheless, health reforms in low- and middle-income countries have focused more on access to services rather than the quality of these services, and reporting on quality has been limited. In the present study, we sought to examine t...

Traffic congestion is a major urban transportation problem which occurs when the traffic volume exceeds the capacity of existing road facilities. The occurring of traffic congestion is due to the freedom of owning private vehicle, poor traffic facility and unrestricted urban population growth. In this study, identification of maximum flow and bottleneck path in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia wa...

The significance of four attributes of outdoor recreation relative to a consideration of urban redevelopment forms the focus of this paper. Data on the public's desires for specific recreational facility qualities and activities and the socio-economic characteristics of households are used to develop implications for urban redevelopment policy. Some effects of household income level, car availa...

The spatial distribution of urban service facilities is largely constrained by the road network. In this study, network point pattern analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between road network and healthcare facility distribution. The weighted network kernel density estimation method proposed in this study identifies significant differences between the outside ...

This paper describes an integrated groupware platform, called “GeoW@re”. GeoW@re approach tends to coordinate competitive works launched by various independent organizations; the main issue is to increase organizations productivity by sharing knowledge. It deals with multipurpose geo-referenced entities (i. e., urban, construction geographicrelated projects). GeoW@re can be seen as multipartite...

Air quality data (ground level ozone (O3), NO, NOx, SO2, CO, H2S and NH3) of two Kuwaiti urban areas adjacent to petroleum processing facilities, Fahaheel and Al-Riqa, were analyzed and compared to evaluate: (1) the exceedances of the Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KUEPA) air quality limits, (2) primary air pollution sources and their contribution to the ambient load, (3) diurnal patterns...

The problems of facility location and the allocation of demand points to facilities are crucial research issues in spatial data analysis and urban planning. It is very important for an organization or governments to best locate its resources and facilities and efficiently manage resources to ensure that all demand points are covered and all the needs are met. Most of the recent studies, which f...

The availability of efficient transportation facilities is vital to the function and development of modern cities. Promoting walking is crucial for supporting livable communities and cities. Assessing the quality of pedestrian facilities and constructing appropriate pedestrian walking facilities are important tasks in public city planning. Additionally, walking facilities in a community affect ...

BACKGROUND Sexual violence is a major public health issue, affecting 35% of women worldwide. Major risk factors for sexual assault include inadequate indoor sanitation and the need to travel to outdoor toilet facilities. We estimated how increasing the number of toilets in an urban township (Khayelitsha, South Africa) might reduce both economic costs and the incidence and social burden of sexua...

One-third of India’s urban population resides in slums and squatters, their vulnerability being characterized by poverty and powerlessness. Newborn care is sub-optimal among India’s urban poor, yet scarcely documented. Neonates born in urban poor settings are at high risk of death owing to multitudinous factors. This paper discusses the situation of neonatal care and survival among the urban po...