This paper is mainly devoted to lay an empirical foundation for further research on complex spatial dynamics of two-population interaction. Based on the US population census data, a rural and urban population interaction model is developed. Subsequently a logistic equation on percentage urban is derived from the urbanization model so that spatial interaction can be connected mathematically with...

Urban forests have played important roles in social, cultural, economic and environmental development of urban centers in West Africa through benefits such as landscape enhancement, provision of recreational and cultural facilities, erosion control, watershed protection and supply of fruits and fuelwood. The growing population and rapid urbanization occasioned by demographic switch from rural t...

BACKGROUND Urban containment policies attempt to manage the location, character, and timing of growth to support a variety of goals such as compact development, preservation of greenspace, and efficient use of infrastructure. Despite prior research evaluating the effects of urban containment policies on land use, housing, and transportation outcomes, the public health implications of these poli...

Urban population density may influence transportation demand, e.g., as expressed through average daily vehiclekilometers traveled in private motor vehicles per capita. In turn, changes in transportation demand influence total passenger vehicle emissions to which populations are exposed. Population density can also influence the fraction of total emissions that are inhaled by the exposed urban p...

This article analyses DMSP/OLS night-time imagery as an information source to detect human settlements and to estimate the urban population in the Amazon region. DMSP/OLS single orbits were used to generate a DMSP stable light mosaic for 2002, in which most of the urban settlements with a population higher than 5000 inhabitants were precisely identified. DMSP/OLS night-time mosaic images from 1...

Whether urban parks can maintain viable and self-sustaining populations over the long term is questionable. In highly urbanized landscapes, urban parks could play a role in biodiversity conservation by providing habitat and resources to native species. However, populations inhabiting urban parks are usually small and isolated, leading to increased demographic stochasticity and genetic drift, wi...

A quantitative understanding of complex urban growth patterns and processes is crucial to sustainable land management and urban development planning in cities. The spatial organization of urban patterns can be treated as fractals and can be characterized with fractal dimension. However, the calculation of fractal dimension of urban form is often constrained by imperfect and incomplete higher te...

Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) occur in natural, urban, and peri-urban areas throughout the globe. Although the characteristics of urban and peri-urban habitats differ from those of natural habitats in many ways (e.g., fragmentation, pollution, noise, and light), few studies have examined the population connectivity of mosquitoes in urban areas. To obtain an overview of the species composition...

To determine the incidence of musculoskeletal pain, disabilities, and help seeking behaviour, a questionnaire was administered to a rural population of 2184 men and 2499 women and an urban population of 481 men and 590 women aged over 15 years by house to house interviews with completion rates of 95.2% (rural) and 97.1% (urban). The incidences of pain in the joints, back, or neck were 23.6% (ru...