The reinforcing impact of Lignocellulosic micro and nanofibrillated cellulose (L-MNFCs) obtained from Eucalyptus Globulus bark in Urea-Formaldehyde UF adhesive was tested. L-MNFCs were prepared by an environmentally friendly, low-cost process using a combination involving steam explosion followed refining ultra-fine grinding. Obtained showed web-like morphology with some aggregates lignin nanod...

The thermal recovery method of steam flooding is one the most common development methods for heavy oil reservoirs. However, after multiple rounds injection development, composition crude and reservoir rock properties have changed greatly, which unfavorable subsequent enhanced recovery. It necessary to study distribution remaining reservoirs, clarify change characteristics components under diffe...

The most widely applied methods to unlock heavy oil and natural bitumen resources in the world are still based on steam injection techniques. Improving efficiency of hydrothermal processes poses a great challenge. co-injection various additives is practiced lower steam-to-oil ratio (SOR), viscosity alteration improve properties. Organic solvents, non-condensable gases, air surfactants preferred...

In this Special Issue, all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground exchanger, conduction, convection porous media, are considered. The emphasis here is on mathematical computational conventional unconventional reservoirs, engineering, drilling enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), CO2 injection, etc....

This Steam System Survey Guide provides technical information for steam system operational personnel and plant energy managers on some of the major opportunities available to improve the energy efficiency and productivity of industrial steam systems. The guide covers five main areas of investigation: (1) profiling a steam system, (2) identifying steam properties for the steam system, (3) improv...

1. Steam Generation 1.1. General Characteristics 1.2. Circulation in Boiling Water Reactors 1.3. Steam Generation in CANDU Reactors 1.4. Steam Generators 1.5. Steam Generator for PWR and CANDU Systems 1.6. Heat Transfer 2. Steam Generator Operation 2.1. Swelling and Shrinking 2.1.1. Steady State Swelling and Shrinking 2.1.2. Transient Swelling and Shrinking 2.2. Level Control 2.3. Carryover 2.4...