Cholecystolithiasis is a common disease, making cholecystectomy a commonly performed surgical procedure. The gross appearance of gallstones differs from case to case. To classify gallstones on the basis of their structure, we randomly collected gallstones from 100 (64 of them women) of 3,289 patients who underwent cholecystectomy at our hospital. The stones were grossly classified into five maj...

AIM To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the inception of the databases through March 2016. Studies assessing the incidence of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients were included. We applied a random-effects model ...

urethral leiomyomas are rare begin mesenchymal tumors that arise from the smooth muscle of the urethra. most reported cases in the literature have occurred in women of child bearing age. these tumors present with a variety of symptoms. excision is curative however occasional cases of relapse have been described. here we describe a case of a female teenager who presented with intermittent urinar...

This study investigated the composition of common duct gall stones from 61 patients, aged 49-94. The stones were collected endoscopically with a dormia basket after endoscopic papillotomy. The cholesterol content was measured both by infrared spectroscopy (mean 29%, range 0-99%) and enzymatically (mean 23%, range 0-96%). The results of the two measurements showed good correlation (r2 = 0.92), i...

Anterior urethral diverticula are rare in children. Anterior urethral valves and associated diverticulum is the commonly discussed pathological entity in children. There is a lack of awareness among clinicians regarding less common presentations of anterior urethral diverticula in children; which can have a diverse involvement of the urinary tract. This report describes two uncommon presentatio...

BACKGROUND Benign urethral obstructions (BUO) in dogs result in substantial morbidity because of challenges with conventional therapies. Treatment of malignant urethral obstructions with intraluminal urethral stents is reported to successfully relieve obstructions. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and outcome of urethral stent placement for treatment of BUO in dogs. ANIMALS El...

PURPOSE Treatment for urethral stricture disease often requires a choice between readily available direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) and highly efficacious but more technically complex open urethral reconstruction. Using the short segment bulbous urethral stricture as a model, we determined which strategy is less costly. MATERIALS AND METHODS The costs of DVIU and open urethral recons...

Risk factors of urethral recurrence after neobladder in bladder cancer patients were studied. Between 1977 and 2001, 73 patients (male 58, female 15) underwent neobladder as a treatment for bladder cancer. The observation time after cystectomy ranged from 2 to 254 months (median 60.5). Ten (17.2%) of 58 male patients had urethral recurrence and of the 10, 8 patients had multiple bladder cancers...

PURPOSE The distribution of neuronal (n) and inducible (i) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) may have a role in the maintenance of normal urethral spongiosum and during the development of spongiofibrosis in urethral stricture disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight normal and 33 strictured human bulbar urethras were studied by histological and immunohistochemical techniques for the neuronal markers S-...