BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Renal calculous disease may be associated with various degrees of renal insufficiency secondary to a combination of obstruction, urinary infection, frequent surgical intervention, and coexisting medical disease. Herein, we present our data on the progression of renal function in patients with stones associated with renal insufficiency and assess the significance of variou...

Monoenergetic x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is an established standard for the assessment of urinary stone composition. The inherent low energy of x-rays used (8 keV), however, restricts penetration depth and imposes a requirement for small powdered samples. A technique capable of producing detailed information regarding component structural arrangements in calculi non-destructively would pr...

OBJECTIVES To explore the history of symptomatic cystine stone formation. Cystinuria is a genetic defect that may result in the formation of recurrent cystine calculi. METHODS Thirty-four patients with cystinuria were retrospectively evaluated for treatment patterns, medical prophylaxis, and renal outcome. Patients were offered a conservative surgical regimen and routine radiographic and labo...

BACKGROUND Hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria are risk factors for calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis, but breed-specific reports of urinary metabolites and their relationship with stone status are lacking. OBJECTIVE To compare urinary metabolites (calcium and oxalate) and blood ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations between CaOx stone formers and breed-matched stone-free controls for the Miniat...

Foods that are high in citrate content generally are assumed to deliver alkali load when consumed irrespective of the accompanying cation. The object of this randomized, crossover study was to compare the effects of orange juice with those of lemonade on acid-base profile and urinary stone risks under controlled metabolic conditions. Thirteen volunteers (nine healthy subjects and four stone for...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether stone-formers have higher BP than controls drawn from the general population and matched for age, sex and ethnic origin and to compare the relationship between sodium and calcium excretion in the two groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients [mean (+/-standard deviation, SD) = 49.0 +/- 11.7 years; range 27-70 years] with kidney or ureteric stones and 108...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite the important role of vitamin D in maintaining bone health, many clinicians are reluctant to treat vitamin D deficiency in kidney stone formers because of the theoretical risk of increasing urinary calcium excretion. This study examined the effect of vitamin D repletion on urinary calcium excretion among stone formers. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASURE...

BACKGROUND The use of bowel segments incorporated into the urinary tract is well established in urological surgery. OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the use of absorbable and nonabsorbable staples for creation of a urine reservoir after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on a systematic Medline search assessing the period 1950-2010. RESULTS Use of the autosutu...

BACKGROUND Studies that evaluate the effect of age and gender on the stone composition are scarce. The aim of this study is to highlight the modification of epidemiological characteristics of this pathology according to patients' sex and age. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 1269 urolithiasic patients ranging from 6 months to 92 years old and known as having urinary stones (752 males and 517 f...