An epidemiological survey was conducted in Houston, Texas on five trace metals in policemen, parking garage attendants, women living near freeways and three control groups of subjects. The controls were matched with the exposed groups for covariate information such as age, sex, smoking habits, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, hair color, and education. Each subject was sampled four time...

BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentration is considered a biomarker of long-term exposure. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to evaluate the within-person correlation among repeat samples and to identify predictors of U-Cd concentrations. METHODS U-Cd concentrations (micrograms per liter) were measured in 24-hr u...

Cadmium fluoride (CdF2, CdF for short) is the most lethal and hepatotoxic of all Cd-containing compounds. The toxic effects of CdF appear to depend on its detoxification and elimination. This study was designed to determine the early dynamics of the absorption, systemic distribution, and metabolism of CdF. The kinetics of cadmium and fluoride were investigated in the blood, bile, and urine of r...

A cross sectional study was conducted on workers engaged in manufacturing precious metal powder. Of the 27 workers, 96% had raised urine silver concentrations (range 0.5-52.0 micrograms/l, mean 11.3 micrograms/l) and 92% had raised blood silver concentrations (range 0.05-6.2 micrograms/100 ml, mean 1.0 microgram/100 ml). Nineteen per cent also had raised urine cadmium concentrations (range 1.9-...

Cadmium (Cd) effect on bone varies between individuals. We investigated whether genetic variation in metallothionein (MT)1A and MT2A associated with Cd induced bone loss in this study. A total of 465 persons (311 women and 154 men), living in control, moderately and heavily polluted areas, participated. The participants completed a questionnaire and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured b...

UNLABELLED Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of urine metals including barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, tungsten, and uranium with diabetes prevalence. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 9,447 participants of the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized ...

Metals differ from most synthetic organic chemicals in that their clinical manifestations are well known and methods for their measurement in the body are generally well established. Since metals are ubiquitous, special care should be taken to identify the source, whether dump site or not. Isotopic ratios may be used for lead. Time of exposure may be highly variable so estimates will be necessa...