Genitourinary tuberculosis, the second most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), is very difficult to diagnose unless one maintains a high index of suspicion. Isolated tuberculous epididymitis (ITE), defined as tuberculous epididymitis without clinical evidence of either renal or prostate involvement, is a rare entity among genitourinary tuberculosis. When diagnosed correctly, ITE can be cu...

Metastasis into a thyroid neoplasm-tumor-to-tumor metastasis-is exceedingly rare. We describe the 28th documented case of a tumor metastatic to a thyroid neoplasm and review the literature on tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving a thyroid neoplasm as recipient. All cases showed a recipient thyroid neoplasm with an abrupt transition to a morphologically distinct neoplasm. Metastasis into primary ...

Bacterial reproductive tract infections are associated with significant time and monetary loss in the equine breeding industry, with an estimated at 25 to 60% of barren mares. Treatment and resolution of mare urogenital infection involves consideration of the systemic health of the mare, correction of urogenital anatomic defects, and enhancement of uterine clearance in non-pregnant mares, ident...

We describe the cloning, expression pattern, and genomic organization of Lbx2, a murine homologue of the Drosophila and mammalian ladybird genes. Lbx2 includes a homeodomain motif most closely related to those of Lbx1 and the Drosophila ladybird proteins. Lbx2 transcripts are first detected at E10.5 when they are located in the gonadal component of the urogenital ridge. Expression of Lbx2 drama...

To understand better the factors that contribute to diagnostic errors in urogenital pathology units, as part of our ongoing research into urogenital cancers, from a consecutive series of 6304 histologic reports for the years 2003 to 2006 we selected for review those containing more than one evident error. We reviewed 1746 urogenital histopathologic diagnoses, 1459 (83.56%) referred to biopsies ...