Let A be the path algebra of a Euclidean quiver over a finite field k. The aim of this paper is to classify the modules M with the property [M ] ∈ C(A), where C(A) is Ringel’s composition algebra. Namely, the main result says that if |k| 6= 2, 3, then [M ] ∈ C(A) if and only if the regular direct summand of M is a direct sum of modules from non-homogeneous tubes with quasi-dimension vectors non...

The main purposes of this paper are to probe for the entropy differences between arithmetically manipulated Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) using Shannon’s Function; and to study the relationships between any two TFNs. Simultaneously, we expand on the articles of Wang et al. [6] and Wang et al. [5]. The entropy differences between two TFNs subjected to different arithmetic operations are classi...

We study two-dimensional triangular systems of Newton equations (acceleration = velocity-independent force) admitting three functionally independent quadratic integrals of motion. The main idea is to exploit the fact that the first component M1(q1) of a triangular force depends on one variable only. By using the existence of extra integrals of motion we reduce the problem to solving a simultane...

In order to achieve a smooth surface while rendering a triangle-based mesh, we need to eliminate the mismatch between the smoothness of the shading and the non-smoothness of the geometry that is particularly visible at silhouettes. To eliminate these artifacts, we substitute the geometry of a cubic triangular Bézier curved patch for a triangular flat geometry. Meanwhile a subdivision algorithm ...

This article introduces a new application of piecewise linear orthogonal triangular functions to solve fractional order differential-algebraic equations. The generalized triangular function operational matrices for approximating Riemann-Liouville fractional order integral in the triangular function (TF) domain are derived. Error analysis is carried out to estimate the upper bound of absolute er...

we survey some recent results on cocharacters of upper triangular matrices. in particular, we deal both with ordinary and graded cocharacter sequence; we list the principal combinatorial results; we show di erent tech-niques in order to solve similar problems.