Background & objectives: Because of its very high solubility, nitrate penetrates easily into soil and underground waters. Surface waters such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers are exposed to nitrate pollution. Photocatalytic processes have a high potential for nitrate removal due to complete oxidation, lack of formation of multi-cycle metabolites and the availability of catalysts. The purpose of...

background: atrazine is one of the most widely used triazine herbicides which has been used for controlling broadleaf and grassy weeds for many years. its widespread use in water has caused environmental concern because of frequent detection of atrazine in aquatic systems where this herbicide has been spilled. therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the herbicide removal efficienc...

rhabditidae is a family of free-living nematodes. free living nematodes due to their active movement and resistance to chlorination, do not remove in conventional water treatment processes thus can be entered to distribution systems and cause adverse health effects. ultraviolet radiation (uv) can be used as a method of inactivating for these organisms. this cross sectional study was done to inv...

The ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight is the primary cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer and has been implicated in the development of cutaneous malignant melanoma. In addition, ultraviolet is immune suppressive and the suppression induced by ultraviolet radiation has been identified as a risk factor for skin cancer induction. Ultraviolet also suppresses the immune response to infectious a...

This document discusses some of the security problems and practical problems with the current Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) authentication for Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) messages. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Fo...

Diffuse far-ultraviolet stellar emission scattered by dust grains has been observed in a region near the Orion Nebula. In addition to the scattered stellar continuum, emission and absorption features produced by molecular hydrogen have been identified. In this Letter, we present an analysis of this absorption and fluorescent emission from molecular hydrogen in Orion. We model the spectra obtain...

Considering the issues involved in industrial cutting and machining systems, and, in particular, the problems arising from the use of cutting fluids in these systems, this study presents the results of an analysis that points to a safe and efficient way to reduce contaminated microbial cutting fluids using ultraviolet radiation. The study proposes a transmitter system of simple ultraviolet radi...

A new source-based radiometry beamline was recently constructed at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF III). The goal of this beamline is to establish a national source standard with a wide spectral range from the far ultraviolet to the infrared by using the calculability of SURF III. The new beamline is a straight-through white-light beamline with few, if any, optical componen...