For a vacuum filled tungsten incandescent light bulb using filament length and radius, simple non-empirical equations can predict current vs voltage, power temperature voltage. These be used to lifetime as function of the evaporation energy atom temperature.

A LabVIEW 2009-based remote and process control program for an ultra-high vacuum system and a variety of surface science experiments is presented. The apparatus consists of five individual recipients for sample preparation, surface analysis, scanning tunneling microscopy and a central chamber connecting them by means of gate-valves. All processes like electron-beam heating, ion sputtering, gas ...

Natural silicate minerals have a wide range of applications as green, non-toxic and low-cost materials. In this paper, hydrophilic anti-fog films were generated via vacuum evaporation coating method using natural feldspar raw material. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the changes its structure during process, which in turn roughness film improves hydrophilicity film. The hydrophilicity, an...