Schwannomas (neurinomas, neurilemmomas) are benign, single, slow-growing encapsulated tumors that originate in the sheath of cranial or spinal nerves, and that rarely undergo malignant transformation. Descriptions have shown that about 25% of cases occur in the head and neck; there are only 95 references of vagus nerve involvement. These tumors appear mostly between the third and fifth decades ...

A nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is found more frequently on the right side than on the left, and it is closely associated with an aberrant right subclavian artery. The presence of the aberrant right subclavian artery on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan suggests NRILN; however, different types of branching locations and pathways exist. Here, we report three NRILN cases ...

Cervical vagus nerve stimulation is in a great variety of clinical situations indicated as form treatment. It textbook knowledge that at the cervical level contains many different fiber classes. Yet, recently, several reports have shown this also may contain an additional class potentially noradrenergic fibers, suggested to denote efferent sympathetic fibers. As such, nature and presence these ...

Holzer, Peter. Neural Injury, Repair, and Adaptation in the GI Tract. II. The elusive action of capsaicin on the vagus nerve. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 38): G8–G13, 1998.—Capsaicin is an excitotoxin for primary afferent neurons, and perivagal administration of capsaicin is frequently used to ablate afferent fibers from the vagus nerve in an attempt to elucidate the role ...

Aetna considers vagus nerve electrical stimulators medically necessary durable medical equipment (DME) for shortening the duration or reducing the severity of seizures in members with partial onset seizures who remain refractory to optimal anti-epileptic medications and/or surgical intervention, or who have debilitating side effects from anti-epileptic medications. (Note: Electronic analysis of...

Treatment-resistant depression affects at least 1-3% of the US population. This article reviews the current state of focal neuromodulation therapies for treatment-resistant depression, focusing on those treatments published clinical data. These include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, direct cortical s...

The effect of cold on vagal action at the heart was studied in sheep, dogs and an isolated guinea pig atrial preparation. During cardiac output measurements in unanaesthetized sheep, by the thermodilution method, bradycardia was evoked on injection of cold indicator in eight of 12 sheep studied. This bradycardia was consistently evoked when blood pressure was increased, but not at normal blood ...

Breathing is essential for survival and under precise neural control. The vagus nerve is a major conduit between lung and brain required for normal respiration. Here, we identify two populations of mouse vagus nerve afferents (P2ry1, Npy2r), each a few hundred neurons, that exert powerful and opposing effects on breathing. Genetically guided anatomical mapping revealed that these neurons densel...

Leptin is known to be an important circulating signal for regulation of food intake and body weight. Recent evidence has suggested that leptin is involved in infection and inflammation. The afferent vagus nerve is known to be an important component for transmitting peripheral immune signals to the brain, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta expression in the brain, anorexia, and fever responses. In t...

The purpose of this study was to explore learning and memory in the Hering-Breuer (HB) reflex simulated by a 60-second-long electrical stimulation of vagus nerve. The responses of phrenic nerve discharge to electrical stimulation (10-100 Hz, 20-60 muA, pulse duration 0.3 ms, for 60 s) of the vagus nerve were observed in rabbits. The results showed that 60-second-long stimulation of vagus nerve ...