The theory of elasticity is used to predict the response of a material body subject to applied forces. In the linear theory, where the displacement is small, the stress tensor which measures the internal forces is the variable of primal importance. However the symmetry of the stress tensor which expresses the conservation of angular momentum had been a challenge for finite element computations....

Property does many things-it incentivizes productive activity, facilitates exchange, forms an integral part of individual identity, and shapes communities. But property does something equally fundamental: it communicates. And perhaps the most ubiquitous and important messages that property communicates have to do with relative status, with the material world defining and reinforcing a variety o...

material balance around process has been conducted by using mixer output equations. a method based on mason's theory has been proposed to develop mixer output equations.

We study stability of interacting nonlinear systems with time-delayed communications, using contraction theory and a simplified wave variable design inspired by robotic teleoperation. We show that contraction is preserved through specific time-delayed feedback communications, and that this property is independent of the values of the delays. The approach is then applied to group cooperation wit...

Risk factors are generally defined and assigned to road networks, as constant measures in hazmat routing problems. In fact, they may be dynamic variables depending on traffic volume, weather and road condition, and drivers' behavior. In this research work, risk factors are defined as dynamic variables using the concept of chaos theory. The largest Lyapunov exponent is utilized to determine the ...

The two-dimensional (2-D) system theory iterative learning control (ILC) techniques for linear time-invariant discrete systems are extended to the cases of linear time-variant discrete systems. By exploiting the convergent property of 2-D linear time-variant discrete systems with only one independent variable, a kind of 2-D system theory ILC approach is presented for linear time-variant discret...

We extend the definition of coherent risk measures, as introduced by Artzner, Delbaen, Eber and Heath, to general probability spaces and we show how to define such measures on the space of all random variables. We also give examples that relates the theory of coherent risk measures to game theory and to distorted probability measures. The mathematics are based on the characterisation of closed ...