The leaky, heterogeneous vasculature of human tumors prevents the even distribution of systemic drugs within cancer tissues. However, techniques for studying vascular delivery systems in vivo often require complex mammalian models and time-consuming, surgical protocols. The developing chicken embryo is a well-established model for human cancer that is easily accessible for tumor imaging. To ass...

Growth factor enhancement of endothelial cell viability occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. The PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway was activated by both vascular endothelial growth factor and ionizing radiation. Radiation- and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Akt was inhibited by PI3K antagonists. To determine ...

Tumors must manipulate the host vasculature to provide a blood supply adequate for their proliferation. Although tumors may arise as avascular masses, there is increasing evidence that some tumors begin to proliferate by first co-opting preexisting host blood vessels. By fluorescent vascular imaging, we provide evidence that the vasculature in orthotopically implanted melanoma arises from a pre...

Running Title Vascular normalization by PI3K/mTOR inhibitors Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. ABSTRACT The aberrant vascular architecture of solid tumors results in hypoxia that limits the efficacy of radiotherapy. Vascular normalization using anti-angiogenic agents has been proposed as a means to improve radiation therapy by ...

von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) patients develop highly vascular tumors, including central nervous system hemangioblastomas. It has been hypothesized that the vascular nature of these tumors is the product of reactive angiogenesis. However, recent data indicate that VHL-associated hemangioblastoma neoplastic cells originate from embryologically-arrested hemangioblasts capable of blood and endot...

Tumors must manipulate the host vasculature to provide a blood supply adequate for their proliferation. Although tumors may arise as avascular masses, there is increasing evidence that some tumors begin to proliferate by first coopting preexisting host blood vessels. By fluorescent vascular imaging, we provide evidence that the vasculature in orthotopically implanted melanoma arises from a pree...

Many inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-RAS-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway are in clinical use or under development for cancer therapy. Here, we show that treatment of mice bearing human tumor xenografts with inhibitors that block EGFR, RAS, PI3K, or AKT resulted in prolonged and durable enhancement of tumor vascular flow, perfusion, and decrea...

Vascular targeting of malignant tissues with systemically injected nanoparticles (NPs) holds promise in molecular imaging and anti-angiogenic therapies. Here, a computational model is presented to predict the development of tumor neovasculature over time and the specific, vascular accumulation of blood-borne NPs. A multidimensional tumor-growth model is integrated with a mesoscale formulation f...

Introduction: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon vascular lesions that can arise in any part of the body. Case Report: In this case study, we presented a huge AVM of the upper lip in a 70-year-old man that he noticed since 5years ago with slow growth in this period. Computed tomography angiography revealed a large AVM with feeders from the right...

The incidence of thyroid and the prevalence of follicular carcinoma is rare in childhood and adolescents; however, it is considered as the second most common pediatric thyroid malignancy. Vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and tumor size greater than 4 cm are among the factors leading to total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine therapy. The tumor size of the case in this study was...