Oxidative stress accompanies angiotensin (ANG) II infusion, but the role of ANG type 1 vs. type 2 receptors (AT1-R and AT2-R, respectively) is unknown. We infused ANG II subcutaneously in rats for 1 wk. Excretion of 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha (8-Iso) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were related to renal cortical mRNA abundance for subunits of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutases (SODs) using rea...

Vehicle emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined at the Shing Mun Tunnel, Hong Kong in summer and winter of 2003. One hundred and ten VOCs were quantified in this study. The average concentration of the total measured VOCs at the inlet and outlet of the tunnel were 81 250 pptv and 117 850 pptv, respectively. Among the 110 compounds, ethene, ethyne and toluene were the most...

Compliance with air quality standards requires control of source emissions: fine exhaust particles are already subject to regulation but vehicle fleets increase whilst the non-exhaust emissions are totally uncontrolled. Emission inventories are scarce despite their suitability for researchers and regulating agencies for managing air quality and PM reduction measures. Only few countries in Europ...

Meishan embryos transferred to recipient females on day 2.5 are larger, contain greater numbers of trophectoderm cells, and secrete greater amounts of estradiol-17β when gestated in a Yorkshire compared with Meishan uterus to day 12. Additionally, placentae of Meishan conceptuses are larger when gestated in a Yorkshire compared with Meishan uterus throughout gestation. Embryonic estradiol-17β s...

The pulsatile release of GnRH is crucial for normal reproductive physiology across the life cycle, a process that is regulated by hypothalamic neurotransmitters. GnRH terminals co-express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) as a marker of a glutamatergic phenotype. The current study sought to elucidate the relationship between glutamate and GnRH nerve terminals in the median eminence...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Inhalation of TNFα also induces airway hyperresponsiveness in healthy human subjects, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. A recent study reported that TNFα caused airway inflammation and a sustained elevation of pulmonary chemoreflex responses in mi...

Dean, Stephanie A., Junhui Tan, Roselyn White, Edward R. O’Brien, and Frans H. H. Leenen. Regulation of components of the brain and cardiac renin-angiotensin systems by 17 -estradiol after myocardial infarction in female rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291: R155–R162, 2006. First published February 2, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00497.2005.—The present study tested the hypothesis tha...

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are considered one of the potential solutions to future urban mobility with several promised benefits regarding safety and traffic operation. Despite expected benefits, these vehicles will take decades have full market penetration before that, AVs co-exist Conventional (CVs), which may affect performance owing different driving logic than CVs. The aim this study is qua...

The gut microbiota (GM) modulates the hosts metabolism and immune system. Probiotic bacteria are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host and can alter the composition of the GM. Germ-free mice have increased bone mass associated with reduced bone resorption indicating that the GM also regulates bone mass. Ovariectomy (ovx) r...

Glucocorticoid administration to women at risk for preterm delivery is standard practice to enhance neonatal survival. However, antenatal betamethasone exposure (β-exposure) increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adult sheep (1.8 yr old) and results in impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for control of heart rate (HR). In the current studies we tested the hypothesis that enhanced sympathet...