A number of scaling relationships have been proposed by several authors relating the penetration depth (∆d) at the bottom of a convective region to the velocity of the penetrating motions and the input flux (Fb). These may be expressed as ∆d ∝ V 3/2 zo for the case where the radiative conductivity varies smoothly from the unstable to the stable zone; Vzo being the vertical velocity at the botto...

The electrical conductivity of a synthetic basalt has been determined at atmospheric pressure in air at temperatures between 700 ø and 1600øC. The conductivity increases by about 2 orders of magnitude in the melting interval between 1130 ø and 1263øC. It is suggested that partial fusion in the seismic low-velocity zone of the upper mantle may account for the correlation of increased electrical ...

We present non-LTE calculations for an expanding red giant’s atmosphere ionized from the outside by the radiation of a nearby hot radiation source. We show that the hydrogen emission lines emerge from a narrow transition zone where hydrogen changes from ionized to neutral. In this region the Balmer lines are optically thick, and their profiles crucially depend on the magnitude of optical thickn...

, where E(x=La) is the erosion rate at the upstream end of the flow acceleration zone above a waterfall, Fr is the Froude number at this setting, and n ranges between 0.5–1.7. This amplification expression suggests that erosion at the lip could be as much as 2–5 times higher relative to erosion at a normal setting with identical hydraulic geometry. Utilizing this erosion amplification expressio...

Rolling allows leukocytes to maintain adhesion to vascular endothelium and to molecularly coated surfaces in flow chambers. Using insights from adhesive dynamics, a computational method for simulating leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion, we have developed a semianalytic model for the steady-state rolling of a leukocyte. After formation in a force-free region of the contact zone, receptor-ligand...

[1] Like most other major continental rifts, the Baikal rift zone (BRZ) in Siberia is presumably underlain by a hot and partially molten mantle, which has a reduced seismic velocity relative to surrounding areas. Recent seismic tomography studies, however, gave conflicting results about the depth extent and even the existence of the low-velocity anomaly beneath the BRZ, suggesting that addition...

6 [1] Like most other major continental rifts, the Baikal rift zone (BRZ) in Siberia is 7 presumably underlain by a hot and partially molten mantle, which has a reduced seismic 8 velocity relative to surrounding areas. Recent seismic tomography studies, however, gave 9 conflicting results about the depth extent and even the existence of the low-velocity 10 anomaly beneath the BRZ, suggesting th...

* Project supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 10972123) Corresponding author: DU Guang-sheng ABSTRACT : The ultrasonic flowmeter has been widely used in the industrial flow measurement. The flow measurement accuracy depends on the relationship of the profile-linear average velocity. But this relationship of the transition zone is not available at present. In this pap...