This study was prompted by the need felt by our surgical colleagues for more accurate localization of the defect in the interventricujlar septum, as a high proportion of children undergoing operation for closure of these defects was noted to have large or multiple defects. Defects in the interventricular septum occur both in the membranous and muscular parts of the septum, and they may be singl...

Pathoanatomy The primary pathoanatomy seen in dogs with Tetralogy of Fallot (ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis and overriding aorta) can all be explained by embryological developmental defects of the endocardial cushions comprising the conotruncal septum. (Patterson and others 1974) This is because the sinistroventral conus cushion and sinistroinferior truncus cushion give rise to th...

A fortuitous finding during open heart surgery of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum is described in a 65-year old man with ischaemic heart complaints due to coronary artery disease and with premature ventricular contractions. An incision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The choice of treatment of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum is controversial. Indications for su...

Right ventricular loading leads to diastolic septal flattening in man without necessarily requiring right ventricular pressure to exceed left ventricular pressure. This observation suggested that the unstressed septal configuration is flat and that its normal concave shape is due to the left-to-right transseptal pressure gradient. To examine this hypothesis, we studied septal configuration by t...

The records of 15 infants with pulmonary atresia and 19 infants with critical pulmonic stenosis and intact ventricular septum, all under 1 year of age, have been reviewed. Symptoms started earlier and were more severe in the group with pulmonary atresia. All patients showed arterial unsaturation, and many had congestive heart failure. The electrocardiogram was the most helpful tool in different...

In a heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without asymmetrical septal hypertrophy the number of transmural myocytes, the mean size of myocytes, and the percentage area of interstitial space were similar in the ventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall, whereas in a reported series of 14 hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with asymmetrical septal hypertrophy the number of tra...

A distinctive angiographic appearance is described in a case of "criss-cross" heart with concordant atrioventriculo-arterial connections. The atrial situs was normal, and the morphological right ventricle was superior to the left ventricle, and the ventricular septum was horizontal in position. Both ventricleswere connected by a small ventricular septal defect. The aorta was situated anteriorly...

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a disorder in which normal myocardium is replaced by fibrofatty tissue. This disorder usually involves the right ventricle, but the left ventricle and septum also may be affected. Patients with ARVD are usually men younger than 35 years who complain of chest pain or rapid heart rate. In some cases, sudden cardiac death is the first presentati...

There have four types of the initial spatial QRS vectors concealed in the normal person: 1. Left-anterior-superior, or 2. Left-anterior-inferior, or 3. Right-anterior-superior, or 4. Right-anterior-inferior The first three directions were the same as the types of initial activity of the normal depolarization process of the interventricular septum revealed by the intra cardiac mapping in dogs re...

OBJECTIVE To explore the pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy caused by hypertension and to compare it with idiopathic hypertrophiccardiomyopathy. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at the echocardiography lab of Rashid Hospital, Dubai, from January 2009 to January 2010. Cases of 11 patients with significant left ventricular hypertrophy (septum > 15 mm) due to underlying hyperte...