Excitotoxicity is likely to occur in pathological scenarios which mitochondrial function already compromised, shaping neuronal responses glutamate. In fact, mitochondria sustain cell bioenergetics, tune intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, and regulate glutamate availability by using it as metabolic substrate. Here, we suggest the need explore toxicity context of specific disease models may ...

Previous studies suggest that eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) avoid roads, but it is unclear whether vehicle traffic plays a role in this avoidance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether road avoidance in chipmunks increases with traffic. We tracked the movements of 68 chipmunks released near roads with widely varying volumes of traffic. Our results suggest that chipmunks respo...

Pharmaceutical companies are facing several major interrelated challenges, the most strategic being the decline in R&D productivity resulting in empty product pipelines to replace products nearing patent expiry. A common response has been mergers and acquisition of competitors and biotechnology firms, but rather than resolving the problems, this has created new ones. While biotechnology promise...

We present the findings of an investigation of critical behavior in the collapse of spherically symmetric distributions of massive scalar field. Two distinct types of phase transition are observed at the verge of black hole formation and a criterion for determining when each type of transition will occur is given.

Drawing on a clinical situation that brings together a family affected by adolescence and two institutions, the author considers the interaction between families and institutions and, more precisely, the psychic material brought into play following the cooperation set going in networking. Analysis of the clinical case makes it possible to consider whatever acts across both institutions as the p...

l Introduction The aim of this article is to provide an assessment of the linguistic diversity that is endangered in Africa. The African continent has a large number of languages , roughly 2000, or, one third of the world's linguistic heritage. At the outset we should state that the Situation of the indigenous languages of Africa is in general healthy, presently and in the immediate future. Mos...