Climate is one of the many factors such as socio-cultural values, economics, materials,administrative factors and technology that influence architectural forms. The climatic solutions effecting on architecture,differ in various regions, cultures, time and technology. The climate of the province of Golestan plays an active rolein the formation and diversity of vernacular dwellings. This region i...

The paper offers a mutliscalar appreciation of vernacular cosmopolitanism as changing across space, time, and networks relations. Drawing on observations from the UK Greece, I argue for an expanded understanding to incorporate everyday appreciations multiculturalism, tolerance, social liberalism that are produced within specific socio-historical contexts. Proposing theory ‘timespace’ where epoc...