haraz river originates from the northern slopes of the alborz and is flowed in a relatively broad valley. there are several village, sector, twenty sand factories and fish culture farms alongside of this river. in addition, restaurants and rest place for travelers sometimes used as a place. this study was performed to study the coliform contamination of ground water along the haraz river.in thi...

BACKGROUND The aging population, rapid urbanization, and epidemiology transition in China call for the improvement and adaptation of the health workforce, especially in underserved rural areas. The aging of village doctors (the former "barefoot doctors") who have served the rural residents for many decades has become a warning signal for the human resources for health in China. This study aims ...

PROBLEM The Chinese central government launched the Health System Reform Plan in 2009 to strengthen disease control and health promotion and provide a package of basic public health services. Village doctors receive a modest subsidy for providing public health services associated with the package. Their beliefs about this subsidy and providing public health services could influence the quality ...

Background and objective Recent research on cultural heritage has highlighted resident participation as an ideal method of managing local heritages. However, many studies have raised questions about the practicality this approach. This undertook case Jeoji-ri Handong-ri Jeju Island, South Korea focusing how increases based related stakeholders, heritages (natural, tangible intangible heritages)...

Paper-based village registers were introduced 5 years ago in Malawi as a tool to measure vital statistics of births and deaths at the population level. However, usage, completeness and accuracy of their content have never been formally evaluated. In Traditional Authority Mwambo, Zomba district, Malawi, we assessed 280 of the 325 village registers with respect to (i) characteristics of village h...