We estimate the “unhedged interest rate exposure” (URE) of euro area households. The URE, defined by Auclert (2019), is a welfare metric that captures extent to which households are exposed changes in real rates, and allows an assessment redistributive effects associated with monetary policy decisions. examine distribution UREs along net wealth, income, age housing status distributions for as w...

Nonpolar virB mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were tested for RSF1010 mobilization and extracellular complementation. virB2 to virB11 were essential for transfer in both assays. virB1 was essential only for high frequency transfer of RSF1010 and VirE2. Coordinated transfer of a preassembled T complex is supported by these data and competition studies.