BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The reports from the countries where mumps vaccine is given as routine immunization suggest differences in mumps virus neutralizing antibody titres when tested with vaccine and wild type viruses. Such reports are unavailable from countries like India where mumps vaccine is not included in routine immunization. We, therefore, undertook this study to understand the cross-n...

In March 2013, a novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus was emerged in China, which cause rapidly progressive pneumonia and with a high fatality rate. Serologic studies to evaluate neutralizing antibodies of infected patients and birds are invaluable tools for immunogenicity research of H7N9 and epidemiological investigation. Conventional neutralization assays are laborious and time-consuming which...

A rapid neutralization test for influenza A and B viruses was developed. In this method, a 96-well tissue culture plate was used for the preparation of cell monolayers and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining technique was used for the visualization of foci infected with these viruses. In the presence of trypsin and tragacanth gum, clear foci developed 1 day after infection. A linear relation...

BACKGROUND Pre-existing immunity to Vaccinia Tian Tan virus (VTT) resulting from a large vaccination campaign against smallpox prior to the early 1980s in China, has been a major issue for application of VTT-vector based vaccines. It is essential to establish a sensitive and high-throughput neutralization assay to understand the epidemiology of Vaccinia-specific immunity in current populations ...

BACKGROUND: Infectious Bovine Rhinotrachitis (IBR) caus-ed by Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BoHV-1) was first, observed in one of the Tehran Industrial cattle breeders, with importation of cattle in 1965. Later, the isolation of bovine herpes virus approved the existence of the disease in the most of the provinces of the Iran. OBJECTIVES: Presence of antibodies against BoHV-1 was evaluated in young bo...

Poorly cytopathic or noncytopathic viruses can escape immune surveillance and establish a chronic infection. Here we exploited the strategy of combining antiviral drug treatment with the induction of a neutralizing antibody response to avoid the appearance of neutralization-resistant virus variants. Despite the fact that H25 immunoglobulin transgenic mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningi...

Sera from patients involved in a Peruvian outbreak of dengue virus serotype 1 infection cross-neutralized the American genotype of dengue virus serotype 2 up to 100-fold more efficiently than they did the virulent Asian genotype of dengue virus serotype 2, as determined by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) with CV-1 fibroblasts modified to express human Fcgamma receptor CD32. The co...

In the search for effective immunologic interventions to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection, standardized reference reagents are a cost-effective way to maintain robustness and reproducibility among immunological assays. To support planned and ongoing studies where clade C predominates, here we describe three virus panels, chosen from 200 well-characterized clade C envelope (Env)-pseudotyped vir...