CONTEXT Motorcycle crashes account for a disproportionate number of motor vehicle deaths and injuries in the U.S. Motorcycle helmet use can lead to an estimated 42% reduction in risk for fatal injuries and a 69% reduction in risk for head injuries. However, helmet use in the U.S. has been declining and was at 60% in 2013. The current review examines the effectiveness of motorcycle helmet laws i...

Online social networks (OSNs) are immensely popular, but they raise important privacy concerns because they concentrate personal information for many users under a single administrative domain. We present Vis-a-Vis, a privacy-preserving framework for OSNs in which each person maintains her own information in her own Virtual Individual Server (VIS), a personal virtual machine running in the clou...

Technology has positively contributed to the creation of financial markets and facilitation payments globally. The effective use robust technology could enhance consistent enforcement market laws by curbing crimes in any country. This turn would integrity promote viability markets. In relation this, it appears that Zimbabwe struggled comply with international measures combat money laundering fi...

Power laws, that is, power spectral densities (PSDs) exhibiting 1/f(α) behavior for large frequencies f, have been observed both in microscopic (neural membrane potentials and currents) and macroscopic (electroencephalography; EEG) recordings. While complex network behavior has been suggested to be at the root of this phenomenon, we here demonstrate a possible origin of such power laws in the b...

Some argue that applying a strict liability regime on AI-inflicted damages may allow well-financed big AI companies to monopolize the industry. They hypothesize would expose significant legal liability. Since small lack necessary resources pay for inflicted by their technology, could erect barriers entry these companies. Ultimately, argument continues, such give group of virtual monopoly Thus, ...

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a key component of ecosystem carbon fluxes and the carbon balance between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of GPP is essential for quantifying plant production and carbon balance for grasslands. Satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs) are often used to approximate GPP. The widely used VIs include atmospherically resistant vegetation in...

Background: Despite the irreplaceable role of cyberspace in the behaviors of modern society and the importance of observing ethics in it, so far no research has been presented to build a model of practical ethics in this space. The present study examines how ethical laws are enacted in cyberspace. Conclusion: By descriptive analysis of the concept of ethics in cyberspace, the perception is tha...