Large volcanic eruptions and their subsequent climate responses are relatively short-lived perturbations to the climate system. They provide an excellent opportunity to understand the response of the climate system to a global radiative forcing and to assess the ability of our climate models to simulate such large perturbations. The eruption of 5 Mt. Pinatubo in Philippines in June 1991 was one...

Sixteen high-resolution ice-core records from West Antarctica and South Pole are used to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of sulfate for the last 200 years. The preservation of seasonal layers throughout the length of each record results in a dating accuracy of better than 1 year based on known global-scale volcanic events. A dual transport source for West Antarctic sea-salt (ss) S...

Among numerous sources emitting pressure waves a few are known to generate acoustic signals both in the earth, as seismic waves, and in the atmosphere, as infrasound, which were recorded over large distances. Those sources are near surface phenomena like volcanic eruptions, explosions, and ocean waves, which all occur at the boundary between the solid earth and the atmosphere, either shallow ab...

a Department of Oceanfloor Network System Development for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 236-0001, Japan b Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125-2100, USA c Research Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku Universi...

[1] A mechanism for explosive volcanic eruptions based on multicomponent phase equilibria modelling of four explosive volcanic systems is proposed. In each system, either isochoric or isobaric crystallization, where either crystals or crystals and exsolved fluid are chemically fractionated from melt, leads inevitably to near-solidus dynamical instability culminating in violent explosive eruptio...

The sub-glacial Eyjafjöll explosive volcanic eruptions of April and May 2010 are analyzed and quantitatively interpreted by using ground-based weather radar data and the Volcanic Ash Radar Retrieval (VARR) technique. The Eyjafjöll eruptions have been continuously monitored by the Keflavík C-band weather radar, located at a distance of about 155 km from the volcano vent. Considering that the Eyj...

Earth is no stranger to volcanism. Since proto-Earth and crustal formation, volcanoes have provided pathways for degassing and cooling of our planet’s interior. Volcanism played an important role in the formation of the early atmosphere, oceans and continents, and was likely a necessary component for the development of life. Throughout our species brief history, innumerable volcanoes have erupt...

The Eel River draining the Coast Range of northwestern California has the highest recorded average suspended sediment yield per drainage area of any river of its size or larger unaffected by volcanic eruptions or active glaciers in the conterminous United States (1,720 t/kmyr from 9,390 km; Brown and Ritter, 1971). These high rates of erosion and sediment transport result from a combination of ...

[1] The observed evolution of the global‐mean surface temperature over the twentieth century reflects the combined influences of natural variations and anthropogenic forcing, and it is a primary goal of climate models to represent both. In this study we isolate, compare, and remove the following natural signals in observations and in climate models: dynamically induced atmospheric variability, ...